Misunderstandings in Gender: Women Sexual Predators Essay -- Sexism Cr

there are many heinous crimes that have saturated our society news reports of a charr being attacked season walking to her car late at night, a child being abducted and his frantic mother pleading with the assailant to let her child go. There is a common theme threaded into the reports we frequently see plastered on our television screens and that theme is masculinity in crime. It seems almost unfathomable that a woman could commit murder, least of all a sex crime. Due to this distorted thinking of the masses, society has shaped judicial systems worldwide to panelize women less(prenominal) frequently and up to now less harshly than their male counterparts. When a jury of peers sits in judgment of little Susie Q, wife and mother of 4, on counts of child molestation the initial sound judgement is that of disbelief. If this was a man sitting in Susies place, that man is likely considered a pervert, well before any facts or evidence is even mentioned. There are numerous cases of w omen committing violent and nonviolent sex crimes but rarely do we see them on a late night news broadcast. Is it because it happens less frequently than crimes committed by men? Maybe. Or have we been conditioned to think that women are mothers sweet, all loving souls that comfort and support the ones they love. How lovely. Women are biologically equipped to be mothers and all sorts of other wonderful things, but because of this generalized view, it seems women are more likely to get away with harming someone and that in no way is acceptable. In the article Theories of internal Deviancy by Rosenberg and Associates, the author states for the molester, he may find comfort and acceptance in the children he so desires. This bidding openly distinguishes a sex offender as singu... ...oodgates of communication so that we may be able to better understand and accept that sexual crimes do not discriminate based on gender. Trauma has no hormonal preference. When it comes to innocent people being harmed, gender should be completely excluded and the crime should be punished without prejudice preferential treatment. It is important that all people be held to the same standard when it comes to crime and sexual abuse and violence are no exception. Works CitedBurke, Dr. S. Abnormal Psychology/ LifeSpan Psychology Instructor, Washtenaw Community College November 2010.Munro, Kali. Mother Daughter Sexual Abuse A Painful Topic. 4 December 2010. .Rosenberg and Associates. Theories of Sexual Deviancy. Angelfire.com. 04 December 2010 .

Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun :: essays research papers

One of the first ideas mentioned in this play, A Raisin In the Sun, is nearly notes. The Youngers end up with no money because of Walters obsession with it. When Walter decides not to take the extra money he is offered it helps prove Hansberrys theme. Her theme is that money coffin nailt buy happiness. This can be seen in Walters actions throughout the play. While Mama is talking to Walter, she asks him why he always talks roughly money. "Mama Oh--So now its life. Money is life. at a time upon a time freedom used to be life--now its money. I guess the world really do change . . . Walter No--it was always money, Mama. We just didnt know about it." Walter thinks that the world revolves around money. He wants to believe that if his family were rich they would have perfect lives. This isnt true though, and Mama knows it. She knows that no matter how much money Walter has, he go away never be happy unless he has a family that loves him. Before Walter goes out to invest in t he liquor store he has a talk with his son. "Walter You wouldnt commiserate yet, son, but your daddys gonna make a transaction . . . a business transaction thats going to change our lives. . . ." Walter thinks that this transaction will make their lives better. What he doesnt realize is that he already has a good life and he doesnt need more money to make him happy. He should be grateful for what he has instead of anguish about money. Mama talks to Walter about her fears of the family falling apart. This is the reason she bought the house and she wants him to understand. Walter doesnt understand and gets angry. "What you need me to say you done right for? You the head of this family. You run our lives alike you want to. It was your money and you did what you wanted with it. So what you need for me to say it was all right for? So you butchered up a dream of mine - you - who always talking bout your childrens dreams..." Walter is so obsessive over money that he yell s at his mom for not giving him all of it. He doesnt know that what his mom is doing is for the family. He thinks that having money will make the family happy, when in reality the family doesnt need anymore than what they have to be happy.

Global Unification through Handheld Technology Essay -- Technologies E

Global Unification through Handheld Technology Handheld technology is it the greatest concept since sliced bread? (Lewis 1). Whether or not these technologies will be remembered as one of the greatest inventions of all time is yet to be determined, but handheld technologies are definitely changing the way people access and work with information. Handheld technologies were first created to help make some of lifes current tasks simpler and faster to complete. ii of the main handheld technologies are the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Personal Data Assistant (PDA). The first scene that spring to ones mind when GPS is mentioned is usually that it is a fast and easy way to find where one is located. Similarly, the first thought with respect to PDA is usually that it is a good way to organize ones appointments and personalised information. Those functions are just the beginning, though. There are several other functions that these technologies have begun to serve, some of whic h may lead to complicated ethical dilemmas. As was mentioned above, GPS is generally thought of as a device to help one locate ones position. It is found in many cars and is almost becoming a standard feature. It is a ready to hand(predicate) device if one ever gets lost or needs directions to an unknown location. This functionality is great, but is not what it was invented to do. According to Peter H. Dana, Department of Geography, University of Colorado at Boulder, GPS is a satellite navigation system funded by and controlled by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD). While there are many thousands of civil users of GPS world-wide, the system was designed for and is operated by the U.S. military (1). It is used by the military to pinpoint the position of ... ...ilian Software Development. Online. http//www.iamsam.com/papers/afcea_1999/afcea_ethics_submission.html North Central Regional Educational Laboratory. (1997). Critical Issue Ensuring good Use of Education Technology. Onlin e. http//www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/methods/technlgy/te400.htm Santa Clara County Library. Internet Access. (February 2002). Online. http//www.santaclaracountylib.org/aconsent.html Savino, Lenny. Ex-Decoder Faces Charge in Espionage Case FBI Says Military Man Sold Secret Data, Images. San Jose Mercury News. 25 August 2001 1A. Teaching and discipline with Palm Handhelds. (2002). Online. http//www.palm.com/education/palmED/Wong, Nicole C. Digital Cameras Eliminate Some Leg Work for Parking Police. San Jose Mercury News. 7 January 2002.*Animated images taken from http//www.animationfactory.com

options on company telephone services :: essays research papers

IntroductionThere ar many different options companies have when decided on what type if telephone service to use. The size and considers of the caller will usually determine the communications needed to run an organized operation. Another factor in choosing what type of telecommunications a company will need is what type of business does the company deal with. For example, is the company a telemarketing service, a customer service company for bank, or a consulting firm plus, what be the majority of calls pertaining to and the time frame of each call? Are the telephone calls from customers needing to know where the ne atomic number 18st bank or ATM is or are they Copernican clients wanting an estimate on a construction project that is underway. These are a few of the important items to look over before choosing the telecommunication that are right for you company.I work at a company called VTN Nevada. It is an engineering, survey, architecture, planning, and construction manageme nt consulting firm. We do consulting work for many large companies in Las Vegas Valley. We do a lot of communicating with clients, construction project manager, and the entities, such as, City of Las Vegas, City of Henderson, City of North Las Vegas, Clark County, and Nye County. The need for good communication is mandatory in baffle to get the project done to the clients desires, as well as, meeting the needs of the entities that the projects are located within. VTN Nevada uses many different forms of communications from conference calls to e-mails, but vigour is better than a face to face meeting in order to straight out major issues.BodyThe system that is currently in do at VTN Nevada is the PBX, otherwise known as Private Branch eXchange. The PBX allows VTN to create extensions to connect to each other, as well as, to the public network. The system is set up to allow a person to dial the main office line and get the first receptionist, Rita. Rita, will then direct the caller to the person that they are trying to reach. If the caller wants to contact one of the directors of the company, they will be transferred to the director secretary, Marti. Then, Marti will transfer the caller to the intended recipient of the call, take a message, or transfer the caller to the intendeds voice mail. Rita will at the main number has the same

John Brown :: essays research papers

John browned became a legend of his time. He was a perfection fearing, insofar violent man and slaveholders saw him as evil, fanatic, a murderer, lunatic, liar, and horse thief. To abolitionists, he was noble and courageous. John Brown was born in 1800 and grew up in the state of nature of Ohio. At seventeen, he left home and soon mastered the arts of farming, tanning, and home building. Along with all the rural arts Brown was handy at, peerless of his most conspicuous talents was profuse and painful failure. He made many attempts at work and every one turned into a disappointment. In 1837, Brown made his first public statement on human bondage and from then on continued to speak out against slavery. For three years, he travelled East beseeching abolitionists for guns and money. While doing that, Brown created a plan that one night, a small group would capture the federal armory and arsenal in Harpers convey, Virginia. There, the group would seize all the guns and escape. Sla ves would then join the group, creating an army, and diminish slavery in the South. On October 16, 1859, John Brown led a procession into Harpers Ferry and the raid went perfectly as planned. By noon, however, the Virginia militia entered Harpers Ferry and closed the only escape route. At the end of the day, Brown only had tailfin of the 22 men he began with available to continue fighting. On October 18, the Marines, headed by Colonel Robert E. Lee, requested the surrender of Brown. He refused. The Marines attacked and captured John Brown. Browns trial took government agency in one week and on November 2, 1859, John Brown was charged with murder, treason, and leading a slave revolt. He was sentenced to death. Brown lived in a trip the light fantastic lock cell for one month until he was killed on December 2. Church bells tolled and cannons boomed in honor of John Brown. Experts began to question Browns sanity. many affirm he was obsessed, monomaniacal, and psychologically un balanced.John Brown essays research papers John Brown became a legend of his time. He was a God fearing, yet violent man and slaveholders saw him as evil, fanatic, a murderer, lunatic, liar, and horse thief. To abolitionists, he was noble and courageous. John Brown was born in 1800 and grew up in the wilderness of Ohio. At seventeen, he left home and soon mastered the arts of farming, tanning, and home building. Along with all the rural arts Brown was skilled at, one of his most conspicuous talents was profuse and painful failure. He made many attempts at work and every one turned into a disappointment. In 1837, Brown made his first public statement on human bondage and from then on continued to speak out against slavery. For three years, he traveled East beseeching abolitionists for guns and money. While doing that, Brown created a plan that one night, a small group would capture the federal armory and arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia. There, the group would seize all the guns and escape. Slaves would then join the group, creating an army, and diminish slavery in the South. On October 16, 1859, John Brown led a procession into Harpers Ferry and the raid went perfectly as planned. By noon, however, the Virginia militia entered Harpers Ferry and closed the only escape route. At the end of the day, Brown only had five of the twenty-two men he began with available to continue fighting. On October 18, the Marines, headed by Colonel Robert E. Lee, requested the surrender of Brown. He refused. The Marines attacked and captured John Brown. Browns trial took place in one week and on November 2, 1859, John Brown was charged with murder, treason, and leading a slave revolt. He was sentenced to death. Brown lived in a Charleston jail cell for one month until he was killed on December 2. Church bells tolled and cannons boomed in honor of John Brown. Experts began to question Browns sanity. Some say he was obsessed, monomaniacal, and psychologically unbalanced.

John Brown :: essays research papers

John Brown became a legend of his time. He was a God fearing, yet violent man and slaveholders saw him as evil, fanatic, a murderer, lunatic, liar, and sawbuck thief. To abolitionists, he was noble and courageous. John Brown was born in 1800 and grew up in the wilderness of Ohio. At seventeen, he left home and soon master the liberal arts of farming, tanning, and home building. Along with all the rural arts Brown was skilled at, mavin of his most conspicuous talents was profuse and painful failure. He make some(prenominal) attempts at work and every one turned into a disappointment. In 1837, Brown made his first public statement on world shackles and from then on continued to speak out against thraldom. For three years, he traveled East beseeching abolitionists for guns and money. While doing that, Brown created a end that one night, a small group would capture the federal armory and arsenal in Harpers ferrying, Virginia. There, the group would seize all the guns and escape. Slaves would then join the group, creating an army, and decline slavery in the South. On October 16, 1859, John Brown led a procession into Harpers Ferry and the raid went perfectly as planned. By noon, however, the Virginia militia entered Harpers Ferry and unappealing the only escape route. At the end of the day, Brown only had five of the twenty-two men he began with available to continue fighting. On October 18, the Marines, headed by Colonel Robert E. Lee, pass along the surrender of Brown. He refused. The Marines attacked and captured John Brown. Browns trial took place in one week and on November 2, 1859, John Brown was supercharged with murder, treason, and spark advance a slave revolt. He was sentenced to death. Brown lived in a Charleston jail cell for one month until he was killed on declination 2. church bells tolled and cannons boomed in honor of John Brown. Experts began to question Browns sanity. Some say he was obsessed, monomaniacal, and psychologically unba lanced.John Brown essays research written document John Brown became a legend of his time. He was a God fearing, yet violent man and slaveholders saw him as evil, fanatic, a murderer, lunatic, liar, and horse thief. To abolitionists, he was noble and courageous. John Brown was born in 1800 and grew up in the wilderness of Ohio. At seventeen, he left home and soon mastered the arts of farming, tanning, and home building. Along with all the rural arts Brown was skilled at, one of his most conspicuous talents was profuse and painful failure. He made many attempts at work and every one turned into a disappointment. In 1837, Brown made his first public statement on human bondage and from then on continued to speak out against slavery. For three years, he traveled East beseeching abolitionists for guns and money. While doing that, Brown created a plan that one night, a small group would capture the federal armory and arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia. There, the group would seize all the guns and escape. Slaves would then join the group, creating an army, and diminish slavery in the South. On October 16, 1859, John Brown led a procession into Harpers Ferry and the raid went perfectly as planned. By noon, however, the Virginia militia entered Harpers Ferry and closed the only escape route. At the end of the day, Brown only had five of the twenty-two men he began with available to continue fighting. On October 18, the Marines, headed by Colonel Robert E. Lee, requested the surrender of Brown. He refused. The Marines attacked and captured John Brown. Browns trial took place in one week and on November 2, 1859, John Brown was charged with murder, treason, and leading a slave revolt. He was sentenced to death. Brown lived in a Charleston jail cell for one month until he was killed on December 2. Church bells tolled and cannons boomed in honor of John Brown. Experts began to question Browns sanity. Some say he was obsessed, monomaniacal, and psychologically unbalanced .

Diversity in the Workplace Essay

This diversity audit begins with a background about the company, as healthful as some important information about key Diversity executives. What will be addressed in the audit are what efforts Johnson & Johnson make to foster diversity competence and understand, what efforts were make in furthering the knowledge or awareness about diversity, what strategies were used to address the challenges of diversity and how will you ensure that your leadership and managers will be committed to the diversity initiatory. The audit concludes with a quote from the vice president of recruiting at Johnson and Johnson, as well as their Diversity and inclusion body Programs and Activities from the Johnson and Johnson Website. In 1886 three brothers, Robert Wood Johnson, James Wood Johnson and Edward Mead Johnson, fount the Johnson & Johnson company in New Brunswick, New Jersey. Today, the company employs approximately 128,700 heap with more than 275 run companies in more than 60 countries. The wo rldwide headquarters remains in New Brunswick, New Jersey.The company prides itself in caring for everyone in the world, they feel this inspires and unites the state who work on that point. Johnson & Johnson is the worlds sixth largest consumer healthy company, the worlds largest and most assorted medical device and diagnostic company, the worlds ordinal largest biologics company and the worlds eighth largest pharmaceutical company. These companies in concert touch the lives of more than a billion mountain throughout the world every angiotensin converting enzyme day. This company, without a doubt, knows what diversity is. Their product line in itself is so assorted that I would say that diversity is what this company was built on and continues to grow from. They propose health care products that go from taking care of a skin blemish or a headache, to beautifying your hair and teeth products, to products used for metastatic dresser cancer, hip placements and coronary stents, to prescription drug products treating everything from migraines to cancer and serious infections.According tothe company website, diversity is described as follows, People and values are our superior assets. Diversity is a central part of the cultures across the Johnson & Johnson Family of Companies. Its a key to our great deals passion for improving the health and well-being of people the world over. Further, our commitment to diversity and inclusion is deeply rooted in the values instilled by Our Credo and is exemplified in a number of our companies programs and activities. We recognize that differences in age, race, gender, nationality, sexual orientation, physical ability, thinking style and background bring richness to our work environments. Such differences help us connect better with the health necessarily of people in communities around the world. We believe that attracting, developing and retaining a base of employees that reflects the diversity of our customers is ess ential to our success.We likewise believe success hinges on relationships with diverse original and patient organizations, civic groups and suppliers. (jnj.com) In addition, Johnson and Johnson offers mentoring programs and leadership cultivation programs to ensure personal professional growth. During my research I found that Johnson & Johnson has supporting affinity groups that has strengthened the preserve of diversity not only indoors the organization, but in the community as well. Some of these groups include the Community of Asiatic Associates at Johnson and Johnson, South Asian Professional Network and Association, Gay and Lesbian Organization for Business and Leadership, Womens Leadership Initiative, African-American Leadership Council and Hispanic Organization for Leadership and Achievement. These groups are only if the tip of the iceberg as far as diversity for Johnson & Johnson. A key executive, Anthony P. Carter is Vice President of Global Diversity and inclusion , as well as Chief Diversity federal agencyr for Johnson and Johnson. In an article from Diversity Global Magazine, Mr. Carter was named a 2013 Diversity Executive of Distinction.The article stated that Mr. Carters focus on developing cutting edge Diversity and Inclusion programs and strategies is successful because it is aligned with the companys strategic furrow objective. As I researched deeper into the companys responsibility to its customers, employees, communities and shareholders I found that Johnson & Johnsons respect towards these groups of people who keep the company alive is supported by Anthonys implementation and design of an inclusive global organizational system, aswell as Diversity and Inclusion incentives. He has further developed opportunities for Johnson and Johnson to maximize their diversity. He oversees an office that implements programs such as Crossing the Finish Line, which is a career acceleration program for people of color. Programs such as these are cr ucial in developing world-class diverse leaders. An interesting quote by Anthony P. Carter sums up his role nicely, Diversity and inclusion describe how we can work together to bring innovative ideas, products and services together to advance the health, well-being and the quality of life of those we serve. (Diversity Global)In the article Harnessing Diversity to Affect the Bottom Line by Ron Dory, it was noted that one of Carters outflank practices in relation to diversity is the use of ERGs (Employee Resource Groups), which have brought in new markets and impacted the companys growth in a affirmatory way. Johnson and Johnson prides itself in its membership in the Billion Dollar Roundtable, an elite group of companies that spend a billion dollars annually on women professed and minority owned suppliers. Johnson & Johnsons use of Employee Resource Groups or ERGs as an organization where people who share a culture or background, for example gender, ethnic, religion or age, can me et to rejoice within their culture or address issues in relation.ERGs are often chartered organizations and have volunteer leaders and business plans that are in alignment with the organizations goals and bring value to the company. Mr. Carters use of ERGs at Johnson & Johnson has allowed everyone to see that they are not the same but different bandage trying to achieve the same goals and objectives. He has also advised other companies to not move towards being the same or creating an organization where differences are not acknowledged. It appears the ERGs have allowed diversity to take a strong root within Johnson & Johnson. The have led to the company receiving numerous honours as leaders in diversity. As an example, Johnson and Johnson continue to develop world-class leaders. In September 2013, The United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce (USHCC) announced this years Corporate Advocate of the Year, and the award went to Johnson and Johnsons Chief Procurement Officer for Medic al Devices/Supplier Diversity, Ruben Taborda.The president and CEO of USHCC stated, Ruben Taborda is a visionary leader who has demonstrated an unwavering commitment to training business relationships between minority-owned enterprises and corporate America. Mr.Taborda is a true role model, lead by example, committed to providing concrete growth opportunities for Hispanic businesses throughout the nation. (Global Newswire) Ruben Taborda is just other example of the success Johnson & Johnson has had implementing diversity programs throughout their company. Just from my audit I have seen their success with women, Hispanics and many other minority situations. They truly believe in what they stand for and what they are trying to accomplish in the diversity arena. In retrospect, even though Johnson and Johnson has an impeccable reputation regarding diversity, even to the point that the company thrives from the extensive diversity, it is always on the top of the list of the best places work and was one of Diversity Incs. Top Companies for Diversity, problems arise sometimes when employees or perspective employees do not see it the same way. Examples of this come in the form of lawsuits against the company for discrimination.One case in particular, Francine Parham, vice president of human resources was always bothered that there was a lack of minorities in the high positions within the company. She filed a lawsuit claiming that she did not receive a promotion because she is African-American and was then fired for speaking out against a corporate culture of discrimination (Gordon). Perham stated that in the lawsuit that she was told by her supervisor that he envisioned a promotion for her within the next twelve months and that she never got the promotion because that position was eliminated and that she was not qualified for a higher position even though she had excellent performance review. Perham also alleged that less qualified white men and women were promoted to higher positions and she believes this was because she is black. She also pointed out the lack of diversity at the top. Johnson and Johnsons responded, We have a deeply established commitment to diversity and inclusion in the workplace and deny the allegations in this case(Gordon).There were two other cases, one in which an African American and one a Hispanic, filed similar lawsuits, accusing Johnson and Johnson of paying them lower wages and denying promotions to people of color. After ten years, that case was dismissed. Despite the fact that fiver of the highest-paid executives at Johnson and Johnson are white, four of them being men, and ten of the twelve directors are white with no women of color on the board, Calvert Investments still rated Johnson and Johnsons diversity an 85 out of 100. They have anabundance of internal minority groups and minority recruitment outreach efforts, they are a strategic partner of Minority Business Round duck and they sponsor scholarships fo r minority students. (Gordon) I believe that companies such as Johnson and Johnson, with such outstanding reviews regarding diversity, and notable for their roles in diversity, are sometimes an easy target for people who are looking for lawsuit settlements.Reverse discrimination plays a large part in this process. It is very easy for a person, especially one of a protected class, to claim discrimination, especially against mega companies such as Johnson and Johnson. These people know that the company would not want their reputation tainted so they make assumed claims to try and get whatever they can from the company. So the five highest paying executive in Johnson and Johnson may be white, but they also may be the most qualified, they may have worked the hardest to get to that point and they may be the most dedicated thereby deserving every dollar they earn. In my own experience, in managing a small local business, it is the qualified, hard-working, dedicated and reliable employee that will be promoted, no matter what the race, gender, religion, etc. According to Global Dynamics Inc., leading healthcare provider, Johnson and Johnson has been rated, by Diversity Inc. Magazine as the 1 company for promoting diversity and inclusion in the U.S. Diversity and Inclusion (D&I) are regarded as vituperative factors in making Johnson and Johnson one of the best places to work in the U.S.Although Johnson and Johnson met some challenges when they wanted to expand its Diversity and Inclusion initiative globally, they succeeded in meeting those challenges and the initiative was a success. Town hall meetings led by local leaders and web-based training reached several countries within the regions, live motion-picture show conferences and live international video meetings were introduced and became groundbreaking for Johnson and Johnson. This resulted in improved employee morale, productivity and communication. (Global-Dynamics) In conclusion, my diversity audit of Johnson and Johnson showed they are a major player in the diversity arena. They have diverse employees, market their products to diverse groups and have initiatives in place to expand lead their company diversity even further in the future. An article in the NY times sums it well by stating, Johnson and Johnsons achievements in diversity, in concept and in practice, succeed in bringing value to all thoseconstituents (Forsythe).Johnson & Johnson is a company that is center on building their brand by building superior products and understanding the importance of diversity in achieving success in the global marketplace. They have made diversity an integral part of their processes including procurement, supply chain, product development, information management, sales and marketing, and community service. My audit research of Johnson & Johnson showed they are a worldwide leader in all of the above and they make a concerted effort to lead other companies in the same direction. Having all the in itiatives and being part of outside organizations that affect diversity allows them to exert pressure necessary to achieve diversity in the workplace throughout the world.The NY Times article also quoted Marjorie Geller, Vice President of Recruiting as saying Theres no question about it, our commitment to diversity has a powerful impact on our recruitment and our talent-development processes, as well as the products we offer to customers. We try very hard to assure that our diverse culture translates into value for our customers, our employees, our communities and our stockholders (Forsythe).The following is the Diversity and Inclusion Programs and Activities from the Johnson and Johnson Website Throughout our companies, a wealth of programs and activities support our belief that a diverse, inclusive culture is essential to business success. Following is a sampling of these activities.Employee Resource GroupsEmployee resource groups are voluntary, employee-driven groups that focus on shared interests and experiences and look to apply those perspectives to initiatives that create value for the enterprise. These groups provide support, networking as well as personal and professional enrichment opportunities for their members such as mentoring, community outreach, supplier diversity, career development and cultural awareness activities.Mentoring ProgramsMentoring is widely offered throughout the Johnson & Johnson Family of Companies as formal or informal programs. We look to expand learning opportunities and support development of a diverse workforce by making thesenurturing relationships available to an ever increasing number of employees across the enterprise. In the spring of 2010, Johnson & Johnson introduced a custom, web-enabled mentoring service called Mentoring plant life that contributes to the Global Diversity & Inclusion strategic objective of building a culture of inclusion. Mentoring Works is an enabler for talent development, employee engagement, and effective knowledge transfer as it makes it easier for people to connect, network and learn from each other.Diversity UniversityRecognizing that education is essential to learning about the benefits of diversity and inclusion, we have established the Johnson & Johnson Diversity University. Diversity University is a self-propelled online website designed to help employees build the competencies and the skills needed to understand and value differences and the benefits of working collaboratively to meet our Credo commitments and business goals. Diversity University includes a variety of guides, toolkits and resources for self-guided learning a strong elearning curriculum that includes Diversity & Inclusion Fundamentals, Building Trusting Relationships in a Global and Diverse Environment, and Leveraging Diverse Thinking Styles The Whole ace Advantage as well as links to other interactive portals providing cross-cultural education and skill building exercises.Office of Diversity & InclusionThe Office of Diversity & Inclusion was formed as a functional group within Johnson & Johnson to drive diversity & inclusion as a business arrogant and to ensure a competitive advantage. The Chief Diversity Officer reports directly to the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Johnson & Johnson. The team serves as business catalysts, performance a global diversity strategy that enables Johnson & Johnson to win in the global marketplace. (JNJ.com) Also of interest is the following web address which shows the details of Johnson and Johnsons Diversity and Inclusion Business Model http//www.jnj.com/sites/default/files/pdf/Global%2BDI%2BCall%2BOut.pdfReferencesDiversity Global. Retrieved from http//www.diversityglobal.com/tops.aspx?id=Anthony-P-Carter-1449 Dory, R.Harnessing Diversity to Affect the Bottom Line. Epoch Times (Oct 10, 2013). Retrieved from http//www.theepochtimes.com/n3/313845-harnessing-diversity-to-affect-the-bottom-line/ Forsythe, J. (2005) Leading With Dive rsity. Retrieved from http//www.nytimes.com/marketing/jobmarket/diversity/jandj.html Global-Dynamics (2013). Retrieved from http//www.global-dynamics.com/johnson-johnson Globe Newswire (2013). Retrieved from http//www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2013/09/25/575887/10049970/en/USHCC-Honors-Ruben-Taborda-of-Johnson-Johnson-with-Corporate-Advocate-of-the-Year-Award.html Gordon, C. Fired Johnson & Johnson Exec Claims Culture Of Discrimination (July 2013) Retrieved from http//jobs.aol.com/articles/2013/07/15/fired-johnson-and-johnson-discrimination/-0 JNJ.com (2013). Retrieved from http//www.jnj.com/about-jnj/diversity-0 http//jobs.aol.com/articles/2013/07/15/fired-johnson-and-johnson-

Essay on planning,preparing administering test Essay

Tests are formal assessment instruments that are used to judge assimilator cognitive ability in an academic discipline as well as to gather information about students psychomotor performance. Tests usually consist of serial of questions, statements, or tasks that are administered to a student or group of students. In order to develop a good assessment it requires proper planning, preparation and eventually administration of the running game. The development of a test that accurately measures student achievement requires careful planning. Planning for tests should start with an examination of student outcomes identified in the instructional objectives. An objective is a communication device that specifies the knowledge, skills, and attitude look fored of students at the end of a lesson. Objectives also include 3 components- Conditions identify what is available to students (resource material, dowry etc.).Performance specify the desired measurable and observable student outcome ( what the student will be able to do).Criteria specify standards or proficiency for satisfactory performance. enlarge test items-Test items are classified as objective or subjective. Objective test items (true or false, multiple choice, matching, and completion) are easy to write and score and sens sample large amount of content however, they are limited to facts, encourage guessing and fail to measure higher levels of cognitive learning. Subjective test items waive students to express their thoughts and require demonstration of mastery of instructional objectives. Validity is the extent to which a test measures what it was intended to measure. Reliability provides an estimate of consistency of test results. exclusively tests must be valid and reliable to accurately measure student achievement.Everything from student illness to testing environment can affect test rigour and reliability. Planning test items-Test items should be assembled by type and increasing difficulty. Test it ems should also be checked for inconsistencies and follow a parallel format. Experienced test developers read the test for understanding and clarity prior to administration. Clear and concise test directions must be developed so students understand how, where, and when to provide responses. disseminate Test-prior to administration, teachers should also consider the physical setting of the testing environment.Finally, teachers should also consider the psychological factors like anxiety and test pressure that affect students by explaining the sympathy for the test and adequatelypreparing students for the test. Few points a teacher needs to keep in mind before administering test are-provide students with practice test items, indicate to students that you expect them to succeed on the test and that you are available to help them. Lastly discuss the parameters of the test. The entire procedure if followed by teachers and explained to students ahead in time, it is very often likely tha t the students will experience success. Thus, assessment should be an effort to move education forward and an exceptional tool that would give student an advantage in the classroom.

4th Grade Speech on Hockey Essay

Did you know that there atomic number 18 over 1.6 million people playing organized field hockey around the world? Hockey is a police squad divert played on ice, where skaters use wooden or composite sticks to shoot a hard rubber puck into the other teams net. Each team usually has 5 players and 1 goalie on the ice at a time. The first organized game was played on March 3rd, 1875 in Montreal, Quebec. In 1902, the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League was the first to pay their players.In 1910, the National Hockey Association was formed in Montreal. They would changed the rules, splitting the game into three, 20 minute periods, introducing a system of minor and major penalties, where the player would spend time in the penalty box, leaving their team short one player.Trust me when I tell you, that it is one place you dont want to be The penalty box is like when youre really bad at home and your parents send you to your room for a time out. Its basically the same thing, but now it is a unusual in a weird zebra shirt called a referee giving you the time out. How weird is that?See more Homelessness as a social worry EssayIn 1917, the league became the National Hockey League known today as the NHL. I think hockey is the most fascinating sport in the world. At the age of three, I played my in truth first real hockey game. I scored the FIRST goal, on my FIRST shift of my very FIRST game. I was SO small, I couldnt even see over the boards Hockey is also about having fun and making friendships. There are five boys on my team that I have played with for 7 years We arent just team mates, we are the best of friends. Everything revolvesaround hockey with my friends and I. If we arent playing a league game, we are playing NHL 12 on Xbox, playing mini sticks or a scrimmage on my backyard rink. I currently play on 2 hockey teams, the Mississauga Jets and my school team, the Queen of Heaven Crusaders. I spend about 8-12 hours a week on the ice, which includes games, practices and my backyard rink.My popular player is Steven Stamkos. His birthday is February 7th, 1990. That would make him 22 years old in just 3 days. Not only was he the first overall in the OHL draft, but he was also first overall in the NHL draft by the Tampa Bay Lightning. In his second year, he was the leagues guide goal scorer and in his third year, he was named to the All-Star team. Steven Stamkos is living his dream in the NHL. My dream is winning the Stanley Cup.Whats YOURS?

Alcohol and Advertising Essay

Throughout the history of television, viewers direct raised many questions about inebriant ad. Does advertise influence alcohol usance? Does it has an impact on alcohol abuse or alcohol think disease and death? How is advertising affecting us? The goal of this essay is to hear evidence, both theoretical and empirical, that would address the question of whether advertising affects in any measurable manner alcohol usance and mortality from alcoholism and alcohol related disease.The alcohol and advertising industries argue that as alcoholic drink is a legal product it should be legally assertable for it to be advertised, and that bans on alcohol advertising would have adverse effects on the alcohol market and on the media. They also argue that bans are not justified as advertising is concerned with promoting gross revenue of individual brands and there is no evidence of a causal link between advertising and the overall level of alcohol consumption or the amount of alcohol rela ted harm.The main arguments are that as well as promoting brands, advertising is also concerned with recruiting new drinkers and increasing sales among existing, and especially heavy consumers. (Fisher 22-24) Henry Saffer, a New York economist who focuses in alcohol research, assures that alcohol advertising is increasing traffic accidents and alcohol consumption. He declares, ? Until now, some of the studies done on the subject conclude that alcohol advertising doesn? t affect drinking behavior.The alcohol industry uses these studies to bolster its argument that advertising unaccompanied induces people to switch brands. These studies keep coming and find nothing because they set themselves up to find nothing. (Abramson 1) Saffer research? K? K Much of the debate concerns the possible effects on children and young people. The Advertising Codes prohibit the specific targeting of minors, but the ubiquity of alcohol advertising ensures that it can hardly be missed by them. Indeed, th e evidence is that even young children are aware of alcohol advertisements and tend to remember them.(Mackiln 251-252) ? The American Academy of Pediatrics shows a recent study of the impact of television on children and teenagers ? XAmerican children view over 23 hours of television per week. ?XTeenagers view an average of 21 to 22 hours of television per week. ?XBy the time todays children bowl over age 70, they will have spent to 10 social classs of their lives watching television. ?The American Academy of Pediatrics states that television advertising influence education and make out of children and adolescents.They believe that ? time spent watching TV could be better spent on constructive activities. Some other statistics that are shown are ? XAmerican children have viewed an estimated 360,000 advertisements on television before graduating from high school. ?XAmerica children view nearly 2,000 beer and wine commercials on television. Beer, wine and liquor companies spend ove r $2 billion per year on advertising and promotion. (1) Perhaps the most commonly held assumption by researchers in the field is that advertising works.There is a strong belief that advertising affects consumption of alcoholic beverages and is related to the adverse consequences of excessive use. Hilary Abramson, describes in her article ? Alcohol Ads Increase Drinking the study ? The Alcohol Epidemiology program at the University of manganese has list some restrictions that can be apply in a special event, business or organization. The restrictions are noooooooo Works Cited Abramson, Hilary. ?Alcohol Ads Increase Drinking. fantastic 1997. November 23, 2002 Abramson, Hilary. ?Warning TV Alcohol Ad Warning Could Work.August 1995. November 23, 2002 ? The American Academy of Pediatrics. November 23, 2002 Fisher, Joseph C. ?Exposure to Alcohol Images in Mass Media. Advertising, Alcohol Consumption, and Abuse A Worldwide Survey. Connecticut Greenwood Press, 1993. 28-55. Hanson, David J. ?Alcohol Advertising. 1997-2002. November 23, 2002 Macklin, Carlson Les. , ed. ?Adolescents? Attention to Beer and Cigarette Print Ads and Associated product Warnings. Advertising to Children Concepts and Controversies. California SAGE Publications, 1999. 251-275.

My ans to bullying

Primary and secondary schools children have been or atomic number 18 being bullied in one way or the order, by the time they reach their teens, fewer than half bequeath herald a p arnt and at the very virtu whollyy, single a third will fork a teacher. Some children may get all over an episode of hector quickly entirely for others, the damage eject go on for years. Children who have been bullied may suffer personality changes, bed do poorly at school, may get ill, depressed or neartimes, steady kill themselves. Bullying interferes with childrens learning, concentration, and desire to go to school.Bullying go off be defined as the ongoing abuse of a nonher person through corporal or noetic torture. To have got matters worse this torture is conducted in the presence of others. The humiliation felt by the victim is hard to understand if you have never been bullied. If it happens over a long period of time it send word have devastating effects on a young persons mental health. There are a whole lot of myths about hector such as Its a fact of life everyone is bullied at some stage of which to me is false.Bullying, is physical or psychological intimidation (that) occurs iterately over time to create an ongoing pattern of harassment and abuse, appears to cut across altogether the demographics of school size, place, and wealth. Bullies exist in schools big and small, urban and rural, rich and poor.Their targets tend to have lasting emotional scars and low self-esteem, Education Daily reported in October 1998. Ten percent of eighth-grade students stay home at least one day a month for fear of another student. Not only does deterrence harm both its intended victims and the perpetrators, say Limber and Nation, it in like manner may affect the climate of schools and, indirectly, the ability of all students to learn to the best of their abilities. Bullying deprives children of their rightful(prenominal) entitlement to go to school in a safe, just, and caring environment.There are many definitions of roughnecking, but most consider it to be, deliberately hurtful including aggression repeated often over a period of time difficult for victims to defend themselves against. Bullying can take many forms, but three main types are physical hitting, kicking, taking belongings, there are verbal ballyrag which includes name calling, insulting, making offensive remarks, and Indirect bullying which includes spreading nasty stories about someone, riddance from friendly groups, being made the subject of malicious rumours, sending malicious e mails or text messages on mobile phones.Name calling is the most common direct form. This may be because of individual characteristics, but pupils can be called nasty names because of their ethnic origin, nationality or colour sexual taste or some form of disability.Extent of the ProblemVarious reports and studies have established that nearly 15% of students are either bullied regularly or are initia tors of bullying behavior (Olweus, 1993). Direct bullying seems to increase through the elementary years, peak in the middle school/junior high school years, and worsening during the high school years. However, while direct physical assault seems to decrease with age, verbal abuse appears to remain constant. School size, racial composition, and school setting (rural, suburban, or urban) do not seem to be distinguishing factors in predicting the occurrence of bullying.Finally, boys engage in bullying behavior and are victims of bullies more than frequently than girls.There was bullying in all schools, although a comparison with earlier work indicates a reduction during the 1990s. Although bullying can occur during the journey to or from school, eg extortion or larceny of possessions such as mobile phones, most typically it takes place in school. It is more apt(predicate) where adult surveillance is intermittent. In primary schools, up to three-quarters of bullying takes place in the playground.In secondary schools, it is also most seeming outdoors, but material bodyrooms, corridors and toilets are common sites. Both boys and girls bully others. Usually, boys are bullied by boys, but girls are bullied by girls and boys. The most common perpetrators are individual boys or groups of several boys. Children who bully others can come from any kind of family, regardless of social class or cultural background.Usually one pupil starts bullying a victim. There are often other pupils present.These may help the bully by wedlocking in help the bully by watching, laughing and shouting encouragement remain resolutely uninvolved help the victim directly, tell the bullies to stop, or fetch an adult. Any child can be bullied, and although none of these characteristics can excuse it, certain factors can make bullying more likely inadequacying close friends in school being shy an over-protective family environment being from a divergent racial or ethnic group to the lega l age being different in some obvious respect such as stammering having Special Educational Needs or a disability behaving inappropriately, irrupt or being a nuisance possessing expensive accessories such as mobile phones or computer games .Some victims may behave passively or submissively, signaling to others that they would not retaliate if attacked or insulted. They may benefit from assertiveness training. Others may behave aggressively, sometimes provoking others to retaliate. Some pupils are both bullies and victims approximately 20% of victims also act as bullies although tending not to direct their aggression towards their own aggressors. They may come from disturbed family backgrounds and are likely to affect special help in changing their behavior. Verbal bullying is common amongst boys and girls. Boys experience more physical violence and threats than girls, although physical attacks on girls by other girls are becoming more frequent. Girls tend to use indirect methods which can be more difficult to detect.Being bullied tends to decrease with age probably because one-time(a) pupils are developing coping skills. In addition, older pupils meet fewer people who are physically stronger than them. However, attitudes to victims tend to become less sympathetic over the age range 8 to 15 years, especially in older boys. Physical bullying declines with age, but indirect bullying increases.The risks of bullying to the victimsVictims may be reluctant to attend school and are often absent. They may be more anxious and insecure than others, having fewer friends and often feeling unhappy and lonely. Victims can suffer from low self-esteem and negative self-image, looking upon themselves as failures feeling stupid, ashamed and unattractive. Victims may present a variety of symptoms to health professionals, including fits, faints, vomiting, limb pains, paralysis, hyperventilation, visual symptoms, headaches, stomach aches, bed wetting, sleeping difficulties an d sadness. Being bullied may lead to depression or, in the most serious cases, attempted suicide. It may lead to anxiety, depression, loneliness and lack of trust in adult life.Pupils attitudes to bullyingPupils understanding varies with age. Infants may confuse bullying with fighting and nasty experiences generally juniors develop a more turn understanding. But difficulties in identifying bullying in 4 to 7 year olds should not prevent schools taking action. About 75-80% of pupils in surveys say they would not join in, or would like to help a bullied child.Fewer say they would actually help. About one fifth of pupils are less sympathetic. Girls seem more accessory of victims than boys, but not necessarily more likely to intervene. Families are told about bullying more often than teachers older pupils are less likely to tell at all. A culture of silence persists many victims a majority of secondary-aged pupils have not told anyone in authority of the bullying. The 1997 survey fou nd that 30% of victims had not told anyone. Often teachers and parents need to take steps to uncover bullying.Most victims who do tell teachers or parents describe the outcome as positive. Victims need help and support. However, a small minority of victims reported bullying getting worse, especially when teachers were told. It is important that claims of bullying are taken seriously a half-hearted response might make the problem worse.Sexual bullying is impacted on both genders. Boys are also victims of girls and other boys.A case of proven sexual assault is likely to lead to the exclusion of the perpetrator. Ingeneral, sexual bullying is characterized by abusive name calling looks and comments about appearance, attractiveness, emerging puberty inappropriate and uninvited feeling sexual innuendoes and propositions pornographic material, graffiti with sexual content in its most extreme form, sexual assault or rape. Sexual bullying can also be related to sexual orientation.Pupils do not necessarily have to be lesbian, gay or bi-sexual to experience such bullying. Just being different can be enough. A survey of 300 secondary schools in England and Wales found 82% of teachers aware of verbal incidents, and 26% aware of physical incidents. to the highest degree all schools had anti-bullying policies, but only 6% referred to this type. Factors hindering schools in challenging homophobic bullying include staff inexperience and parental disapproval.Eradicating Bullying In SchoolsBullying is a problem that occurs in the social environment as a whole. The bullies aggression occurs in social contexts in which teachers and parents are generally unsuspecting of the extent of the problem and other children are either reluctant to get involved or imply do not know how to help. Given this situation, impressive interventions must involve the entire school community rather than focus on the perpetrators and victims alone. Olweus (1993) emphasize the need to develop whole-s chool bullying policies, implement curricular measures, cleanse the school ground environment, and empower students through conflict resolution, peer counseling, and assertiveness training. Olweus (1993) details an approach that involves interventions at the school, class, and individual levels.Bullying should be discussed as set about of the plan, but teachers also need generalstrategies to deal with the problem. Whilst they should try strategies such as those described below, schools may find that stronger measures are needed in the more serious and inexorable cases. Where other strategies do not resolve the problem, permanent exclusion may be justified in the most serious and persistent cases, particularly where violence is involved. The Departments updated guidance for local education authority exclusion appeal panels makes clear that pupils responsible for violence or endanger violence should not normally be re-instated.One of the strategies is including it in the schools a nti-bullying policy so pupils know discrimination is wrong and the school will act covering it in inset days on bullying in general guaranteeing confidentiality and appropriate advice to lesbian and gay pupils challenging homophobic speech communication exploring issues of diversity and difference discussing what schools and society can do to end discrimination exploring pupils understanding of their use of homophobic language they may not understand the impact.Parents can also help to stop children from bullying others in schools. For instance parents should talk to your child, explaining that bullying is unacceptable and makes others unhappy discourage other members of your family from bullying behaviour or from using aggression or force to get what they want.show your child how to join in with other children without bullying make an appointment to see your childs class teacher or form tutor explain to the teacher the problems your child is experiencing discuss with the teache r how you and the school can stop them bullying others regularly consider with your child how things are going at schoolgive your child lots of praise and encouragement when they are co-operative or kindto other people. closureBullying is a serious problem that can dramatically affect the ability of students toprogress academically and socially. A comprehensive intervention plan that involves all students, parents, and school staff is required to ensure that all students can learn in a safe and fear-free environment. There are key points to consider when relations with bullying as a teacher, Never ignore suspected bullying ,dont make premature assumptions listen carefully to all accounts, several pupils verbal expression the same does not necessarily mean they are telling the truth adopt a problem-solving approach which moves pupils on from justifying themselves follow-up repeatedly, checking bullying has not resumed.The curriculum can be used to raise awareness about bullying an d the anti-bullying policy increase understanding for victims, and help build an anti-bullying to teach pupils how constructively to falsify their relationships with others. Through the curriculum it is possible to explore such issues as why do people bully each other? what are the effects of bullying on the bullied, on bullies, and on bystanders? what can we do to stop bullying? There are now many videos that illustrate bullying, for example Sticks and Stones (secondary) and The Trouble with gobbler (primary). Pupils can explore different characters perspectives and suggest anti-bullying strategies.REFERENCESNan Stein in Bully proof (1996) A Teachers Guide on Teasing and Bullying publish jointly by the Wellesley College Center for Research on Women and the National Education Association Professional Library.Olweus, D (1993). Bullying at School What we know and what we can do. Cambridge, MA Blackwell.

Changing Behaviors by Changing the Classroom Environment Essay

Many teachers face profuse manner in their schoolrooms. They are left with the disbelief how can they identify and swap the problem areas in the schoolroom environment in order to change the look? By collecting data on students engagement during instruction, roily behavior, and teacher observations, teachers can identify which physical aspects of their classrooms need to be mitigated. One of the challenges teachers face is disruptive behavior in their classrooms.A survey conducted in 2004 showed that 75% of the teachers tell that they would spend more time teaching effectively if they had less disruptive behavior in their classrooms (public agenda, 2004). Examples of these disruptive behaviors include, speaking without permission and getting out of the seat. some other challenge for the teachers is to find classroom management strategies that are proactive, preventative and relatively easy to implement and which provide minimal disruption to the classroom.There are diamet ric steps to changing the environment of a classroom. The first step is to observe Finding out things like what types of behaviors occur in your classroom, when are most disruptive behaviors occurring, the time of day and under which type of circumstances? Where is disruptive behavior occurring? Are students able to work at desks without distractions? Are students able to work in group areas without distractions from the surrounding environment?The second step is to modify This entails providing areas for personal space (Hood-Smith & Leffingwell, 1983, Visser, 2001), changing or decreasing placement of stimulating visuals, making short pathways between students and high trafficked areas (Visser, 2001 Weinstein, 1979), addressing acoustic quality in the classroom by eliminating objects that produce background noise, modify classroom climate by adjusting lighting, air flow, and temperature. The dying step is following up these include questions like, are you using the modifications correctly?Are the modifications being used consistently? Do any modifications need rearranging, changing, or removal? Do you need to implement additional modifications? Investigations have been done by researchers on the relationship between the classroom environment, student behavior and faculty member engagement (Hood-Smith & Leffingwell, 1983 Visser, 2001). A well organized classroom permits more positive interactions between teachers and children, reducing the probability that challenging behaviors will occur (Martella, Nelson & Marchand-Martella, 2003).In addition, modifying the classroom environment may serve as a direct discussion for children who demonstrate ongoing disruptive behavior (Conroy, Davis, Fox & Brown, 2002). Although the well designed classroom has proven benefits, there is little research on the impact environmental modifications have on behavior and reading (Guardino,2009 Schilling &Schwartz, 2004). Modifications of the environment are preventatives, entir ely class approach that may decrease chronic behavior problems, prevent behavior problems for students who are at risk, and allow children with minimal behavior to access learning without interruption.Although environmental modifications are an essential part of classroom management, many teachers are non aware of the process of implementing them. A case study was done on Ms. Thompson a fourth grade teacher and her class. The students exhibited high levels of disruptive behavior. During the baseline phase, data on the overall classroom pedantic engagement and disruptive behavior was collected. Ms. Thompson helped in defining academic as purposeful attention such as raising a hand or answering a question and disruptive behavior as speaking without permission, getting out of seat or non compliance to the teachers directions.During the two weeks of data collection academic engagement and disruptive behavior was measured. Ms. Thompson directed a mini-reading lesson, after which studen ts worked independently. The observation sessions were 15 minutes long during this period some instances were noted where one or more students were not academically engaged during any 15 seconds interval. After the observation, discussions on how to improve the environment were done with Ms. Thompson for example, seating arrangement, creating group space etc.These changes were put in place and beginning the following Monday data was collected for 4 weeks. Ms. Thompson also filled a questionnaire regarding her perception of the effectiveness of changing the classroom environment to improve student behavior. After the classroom was modified academic engagement increased and stayed at or 45% as compared to the previous 3%. Before the intervention disruptive behavior occurred almost 90% of the time but after it reduced but was inconsistent during the final observations.Both the questionnaire and a follow up interview relayed Ms Thompsons satisfaction with modifying her classroom environ ment to improve student behaviors. With the results gotten from the case study, it is with no doubt clear that modifications to the classroom environment increased academic engagement and decreased disruptive behavior. References Martella. R. C. Nelson, J. R. , & Marchand-Martella. N. E. (2003). Managing disruptive Behaviors in the school. Boston, MA Allyn & Bacon. Schilling. D. L, & Schwartz, I. S. (2004).Alternative seating for young children with autism spectrum disorder Effects on classroom behavior. Journal of Autism and developmental Disorders, 34, 423-452. Visser, J. (2001). Aspects of physical provision for pupils with emotional and behavioral difficulties. Support for Learning. I6 (2). 64-66 Weinstein, C. S. (1979). The physical environment of the school A review of research. Review of Educational Research. 49, 577-610. Conroy, M. A. , Davis, C. A. , Fox, J. J.. & Brown, W. H. 2002). Functional assessment of behavior and effective supports young children with challenging Be haviors.Assessment for Effective intervention, 2 4j, 35-47. Guardino, C. (2009). Modifying the environment to improve student behaviors A closer look at classrooms with students who have a hearing bss. Manuscript in preparation. Hood-Smith, N. E. , & Leffingwell, R. J. (1983). The impact of physical space alternation on disruptive classroom behavior A case study. Education. ?04. 224-231. Public Agenda. (2004). Teaching in Wrnipted Do discipline policies in todays public schools foster the common good? New York, NY Author. Retrieved fromhttp//commongood. org/assets/attachments/ 22. pdf.

PSY 250. The biological and humanistic theories Essay

week 3 DQ 3When do you think you hindquarters pay heed someones biological influences? As an infant? As a toddler? As an adult? Provide a justification for your answer.Biological influences ar hard to measure because as a human you can change depending on your personal surroundings and the influential people in your life. I personally feel that you can be commensurate to see ones biological influences as an infant because children at this age have been said to resemble their p arnts since they are in a time in need.Infants are obviously dependant of their providers but if they are influenced in a negative aspect you may be able to override their biological influences as in their early adolescent life they will display those significant influences that trigger them from their instable infant life. Personality development emphatically has a biological component, and that shaping begins at birth.Over the course of this weeks readings, I found that very early our brains begin to take disparate shapes in growth depending on our environmental experiences, such(prenominal) as being overly stimulated or being sedentary as we develop from childhood. workweek 3 DQ 1What are the strengths and weaknesses of biological and humanist theories? With which do you agree more?The biological and humanistic theories both have strengths and weaknesses. Focusing on temperament versus nurture, the biological supposition suggests that all behavior stems from genetics and is not a product of our surroundings or environment. Thus, it ignores individual effects and differences people experience such as how our bodies react to different stimuli like stress and anxiety. The humanistic possibleness focuses on the individual along with outsideinfluences.This makes the humanistic possible action difficult to measure. The humanistic climb up seems to be a more comprehensive theory in that it focuses on the individual instead of measuring a group. While the humanistic approach m ay be more difficult to evaluate and measure, the result seems to be more individualized and specific, making it more unique and accurate. SpecificityWeek 3 DQ 2What do you think are the strengths and weaknesses of the biological theory?Some of the strengths of the biological theory are that specific behaviors can be treated and corrected through the use of medication. Using comparisons, different species of animals can be studied helping to get a line human behavior. Understanding physiology and how the nervous system and hormones work allows us to understand the effect medication has on behavior.Understanding what signs we can inherit can also help us understand behavior. Some of the weaknesses are that it doesnt gain the cognitive process and are often over-simplify the physical aspects and how they interact with the environment.Week 2 DQ 1What do you think are the strengths and weaknesses of psychoanalytic theory?The weaknesses of psychoanalytic theory from a scientific perspective are that psychoanalytic theory is unfalsifiable. Any reasonable hypothesis must be both testable and falsifiable. Since psychoanalytic theory cannot be proven or disproved, it is unpopular among psychologists today. Psychoanalytic theory is not so effective for dealing with issues, as it does not really serve to declare oneself solutions. Any type of therapy is subject to how each individual will respond.What works well for some may not work well for others. The strengths of psychoanalytic theory are that it is based off of the foundation of the individual what the person has experienced, learned and grown from during childhood. When defining personality, there doesnt seem to be a transgress place to start.Week 2 DQ 2What do you think are the strengths and weaknesses of characteristic theory? Why?According to this weeks reading, A trait approach to personality uses a basic, limited set of adjectives or adjective dimensions to describe and scale individuals (Allport & Odbert, 1936).Since there are 18,000 adjectives (most of which could be used to discribe trait theory), trait theory should be limited to a small number to account for a persons consistencies (Allport & Odbert, 1936). I find that one of the strengths of trait theory is that it supports my feeling that many characteristics of people do not change.Only behaviors change, that is why some psychologists can predict behavior. In its more basic form, we all can predict certain behaviors. For instance, we know that if a behavior is met with reward and no punishment, it is likely to be repeated.Or, if the reward seems to outweigh the punishment, it is likely to be repeated. Allport believed that every person has a small number of specific traits that predominate in his or her personality. He named them a persons central traits (Heffner Media Group, Inc., 1999-2003). One weakness of trait theory is that its focus is too narrow in that it does not take into account traits such as humor, wealth , and beauty.ReferencesAllport, G. W., & Odbert, H. S. (1936). Trait names A psycholexical study. Psychological Monographs, 47(211), 171.Heffner Media Group, Inc.. (1999-2003). AllPsych online. Retrieved from http//allpsych.com/personalitysynopsis/allport.htmlWeek 2 DQ 3What methods were developed to define personality traits by trait theorists? How did these differ from the psychoanalytic approach?The methods that were used were to categorize these traits into three levels which are primaeval traits, central traits, and lowly traits. Cardinal traits usually dominate a persons life, so much that the person becomes known for those specific traits. It has been suggested that cardinal traitsare rare and usually develop late in life. Central traits are the general characteristics that are the foundation of personality.These traits are not as dominating as cardinal traits and are the major characteristics used to describe other people. With central traits terms like intelligent, hones t, shy, and anxious are considered. Secondary traits are related to attitudes or preferences that only appear in certain situations or circumstances. Getting anxious while speaking or impatient while waiting are examples of secondary traits

How and why does order disintegrate on the island? Essay

On the island two leaders atomic number 18 clearly marked out at the start dickhead and Ralph. jak has a fierce desire to lead and control. From the start of the book he challenges Ralphs leadership and is preoccupy with power. At the start he controls the wearily obedient choir with military discipline and at the eat up he rules his tribe of riskys with fear and torture. Jack rejects the democratic processes by which rules and decisions are do, and instead imposes his own desires by force. He overcomes and suppresses the refine restraints which originally prevented him killing the pig and gives up to his violent and bloodthirsty instincts. We are non informed in the book of Jacks intelligence, as when he gains power, he makes very primitive person solutions to the problems on the island because he has lost all sense of rational thought. He resorts to superstitious practices comparable go away an offering for the beast, and uses rituals to keep the tribe together and to h ide their emotions.Ralph is dependable and responsible. He is basically kind, with a lenience about his mouth and eyes that proclaimed no d vile. His sensitivity can be seen in the way he deals with Jacks disappointment at losing the leadership vote by natural endowment him charge of the choir. He hopes the society works in a democratic and civilised way and is surprise when things go wrong. He is intelligent, but he often finds reservation decisions and thinking things through too lots for him, and relies on Piggy to help and prompt him.Ralph takes cartridge clip to notice just how important Piggy is to him macrocosm chief, and he grows to value Piggys loyalty and common sense. Ralph shows strong-arm courage, such as when he forces himself to climb the mountain and face the beast. Moral courage is shown when he admits his part in Simons murder. He struggles to keep believing that hu military mans are fundamentally good. He cant understand how a boy like him could experience real hatred But hes, hes Jack Merridew In the end he recognises the real evil inside humans the darkness of a mans heart. Ralph represents the values of shade and democratic rule, which are eventually defeated by the evil contained within society.However, the two similarities the boys possess are that they are both stronger and a lot bigger than the others, which is the close important reason for them being marked out as obvious leaders at the runner meeting. Ralph wins the vote for chief because of his attractive appearance and most obscurely, yet most powerfully, there was the conch.- even out front the boys really know each other they already seem to respect the conch as it unites them in what seems like a fixly meeting with the sound it makes. Because of this it is seen as the tool that creates and resembles civilisation throughout the book to each one of them is a leader, but the leadership each shows is based on different principles. Ralphs liberal dah of leadership take s notice of other peoples opinions. He feels the responsibility of his position and also feels its burdens. Jacks drift of leadership is based on domination and fear. He imposes his will on others with no regard for their needfully or feelings. He wields power without responsibility, and enjoys having power over other beings, animal or human. The things he cannot prevail he tries to destroy, which is why he hunts Ralph at the end of the book. Jack hides his individualism behind his mask and the anon. title of chief. Jack uses these things to protect himself from remembering the civilised world, enabling him to perform savage acts with no remorse, which makes him a very strong leader, even if he is unjust and selfish.One of the main symbols of leadership on the island is the conch. This creamy shell that can be blown like a horn represents the democratic outline of leadership on the island, as it is Ralphs tool for organising meetings and controlling the boys. The conch also rep resents the paternalistic rgime of adult authority that cares for everyone. Throughout the book the reader and the characters identify Piggy with this ideology due to his intelligence and his substance faith in democracy. As respect for the conch fades, a sense of order also fades. This continues until the conch is smashed, ending order and civilisation on the island.The evil that is inside human beings is personified in the beast. Many people dont want look inside themselves and dont want to recognise this aspect of their nature. They look for something in their surroundings to be the cause or its embodiment. This happens on the island the boys have lost all sense of plate and security, which begins to provoke nightmares. One of the littluns resorts to muttering his name and address as a means of remembering the civilised world in doing so grasping for security Percival Wemys Madison, The Vicarage, Harcourt Street.They then begin to think the branches are snakes, which develo ps into a beast, which rapidly changes form in the boys imaginations. When the dead pilot lands on the mountain top this becomes the focal point of their fear.Jack takes advantage of the fear this causes by promising to protect them from the beast, which, once it takes a physical form, leaves no doubts in the minds of the majority of the boys which makes Jack very powerful and he becomes the new leader on the island. Once Jack is given this authority, he extends his power over his tribe by making them majestic and in awe of him as well as the beast. He does this by concealing his civilised identity with a mask of clay paint, changing his name so he is known only as chief, ordering his tribe to perform rituals Go on The two savages looked at each other, raised their spears and intercommunicate in time. The Chief has spoken. . And making them dance to celebrate the savage act of killing a pig.As order disintegrates on the island, the boys descend to savagery. This is best illustra ted by the choir. They begin the novel in smart uniforms promoting their assort identity. They then become hunters, and begin to enjoy killing the pigs. Jack then releases his savage instincts by making his mask, and they all follow suit, degenerating into a tribe of savage killers.Every time the group kills, it becomes more of a ritual and less of an actual hunt for food. This continues throughout the novel until the final hunt which is the hunt for Ralph. This is phrenetice even more disturbing when Golding makes Roger sharpen a tie at both ends. We cannot be accredited whether they intend to cut Ralphs head off and put it on one end of the stick with the other end in the ground, or whether they intend to thrust the stick through his body and pee him over a sack. Either way, this shows just how much the boys have changed there is no element of civilisation left and the descent to savagery is complete.Order is destroyed on the island because of the natural savagery that is inside human beings. The reader presumes that more prominent figures like Jack and Roger are evil, but all they are doing is giving in to their instincts. The only reason why Piggy and Ralph can remain civilised is by battling with their instincts, a battle that they lose at times in the book, such as at the time of Simons death.All the boys needed for their instincts take over was an escape from the influences of civilisation. I think Golding is trying to convey how idle civilisation is, as well as showing that all humans have the potential for savage behaviour. The island is a microcosm of the outside world when the boys set fire to the island at the end, the adults are also setting fire to their world with the atom bomb. Golding has been quoted as saying that anyone who lived through the Second World War and didnt rely that men produced evil just as bees produced honey must be ignorant or mad he very successfully uses the book as his argument.

Children relationship with adults

By considering tiddlerren age groups and cultural differences, I shall explore the various approaches taken to expression relationships with large(p)s at different stages and discuss the influences and effects it has on a childs festering. I will likewise demonstrate the ways in which understanding childrens development gives to building positive and successful relationships.Children acquire emotional necessarily and argon able to express and communicate them from birth. As research has shown In launch to assume a vouch base from which to explore the world, be resilient to stress, and form meaningful relationships with great(p)s, babies need a primary adult who cares for them in sensitive ways and who perceives, make sense of the responds to their needs. This attentiveness approach of interaction in a childs early stages of development forms a bond of trust, promoting confidence and self-esteem within the child, which would contribute in building meaningful relationsh ips with adults around him/her.(from http//www.helpguide.org/mental/parenting_bonding_reactive_attachment_dis order of magnitude.m)However, different circumstances and experiences do not always support adults to respond to the childs needs accordingly, which trick moderate a huge influence on a relationship. For example, Charlotte had a traumatic start in life as a consequence of her parents separation shortly by and by her birth. She was frequently moved between the two parents and lacked the appropriate care and attention she needed in order to form a secure bond. Her parents were too busy fighting and arguing..to worry nigh the children, Charlottes mother, Emma, recalls. Emma also assumed and hoped that Charlotte wont remember that far back.because she was too young, which indicates Emmas limited knowledge and understanding of child development.As the relationship between Emma and Charlotte was unpredictable, inconsistent and unstable, it resulted in Charlotte feeling very i nsecure and uncertain of her mothers love. As we learn from The Strange Situation Test (Understanding Children (2007) DVD Band 2) and by the age of two, Emma describes their relationship as a constant battle of wills.Young children are subject to constant and inevitable changes, which would influence their development. For instance, the transaction of children into the response class in school is a major change, where the expectations and values they gained at foot are challenged (Rai and Flynn 2004, p.86). This can surrender a negative affect on a relationship between a child and his carer, where the child is struggling to adjust to its new surroundings and his/hers behaviour becoming challenging, since many children become mutable when starting school. (Rai and Flynn 2004, p.63). As young children at this stage of development feature limited experiences, talking about their feelings, their fears and concerns can come out in ways that can be misunderstood and misinterpreted by the adult as misbehaving. For example, Ryans reluctance to keep to a specific bedtime caused problems in the relationship with his parents.During the parent strategies exploration of responses to pick out with the childs difficulty, Jodie and Eamons approaches to the problem were different. Initially they inflicted power over Ryan by threatening to smack him, shouting and punishing him, which resulted in a conflict in their relationship. On seeking advice, they discovered a more collaborative approach, such as spending special time with Ryan before bedtime. By doing so, it promoted his confidence and encouraged him to express his feelings, which enabled Jodie to have a better understanding of Ryans thinking process. This account demonstrates the significance of experiences that occur in a childs life, which should not be underestimated by the adult. It also shows, that in order to resolve family conflict it is best to have a take on and open communication where young children are concerned, which helps in achieving a successful relationship. (Rai and Flynn 2004, p.84-85)As with the parents, schools also have a responsibility to deal with childrens emotional welfare, as well as their physical health and are encouraged to do so by using activities, which enable children to understand their own feelings and by building their confidence to learn, such as circle time. (Rai and Flynn 2004, p.105 DfEE, 1999, p.16) This approach focuses on the children themselves, contributing to their self-esteem through development of their listening, speaking and co-operation skills. By using this activity the childrens relationship with their teacher is built on trust and respect. (Rai and Flynn 2004, p.106)As children grow and become young people, they are expected to take on more responsibilities at home as well as spend more time on schoolwork. Involving children with different chores around the kinsfolk would help them gain independency by developing a range of skills. Ac tivities such as, cooking, cleaning, shopping and tear down looking after other members of the family, helps children develop their communication, intellectual, self-help and practical skills. (Rai and Flynn 2004, p.144)In considering cultural differences, South Asian children are also expected to contribute to the family economy, which helps to develop their business skills. For instance, Sammy is expected to help out in the family decimate business and accepts this as part of her cultural up bringing. (Rai and Flynn 2004, p.137). Furthermore, in societies where the main concern of the family is survival collectible to poverty, children work alongside adults by necessity (Rai and Flynn 2004, p.65) as we can learn from Bilkiss and Tincos daily lives. (Understanding Children 2007 DVD rophy 6)However, with these great expectations of expanding childrens responsibilities, parents are still reluctant to involve children with matters that affect their lives due to their limited life experiences. (Rai and Flynn 2004, p.116-117) Nevertheless, studies have shown that by this age, children understand and accept the complexities of family life and requisite to be part of this, by being consulted and want to participate in decisions making. (Rai and Flynn 2004, p.133). Therefore, in order to maintain a successful relationship, it is crucial for adults to understand childrens needs as well as their responsibilities by maintaining an open communication and not taking childrens contributions to family life for granted. inductionBuilding successful relationships with children is a complex process. It requires patience and attentive care by adults from infancy through to adulthood. By understanding normal child development, it enables the adult to respond to the childs need positively and establish a secure attachment. Furthermore, as children are subjected to constant changes, their adjustment to these changes is determined by understanding, the expectation and approach es of the adult, in order for the child to deal and respond positively. To achieve this, adults must maintain open and consistent communication, which will contribute to the childs confidence and self-esteem where they will feel valued and important members of society. Therefore, to achieve successful relationships with children, it is crucial for caretakers to have an understanding of child development.Word count 1,144Task 2Since I started this course, I feel that my organisational and efficiency skills have improved through learning to work under pressure and to a deadline in producing and submitting an assignment. I must say that during this course, the concept and understanding of academic studies, such as writing and structure of an essay, was a real eye opener for me, as in my past studies where children are concerned, my written evidence findings were ground on own practice and personal experiences.The strengths of my study skills are in understanding the written materials. be a single mother, I not only relate to the course subject ,but I have also gained positive and negative feedback from my own experiences in raising two young boys from the given information, as I am essentially living and practising it.With the help of my tutors written and telephone feedback, my academic writing skills have improved considerably from the first to the second essay. However, I feel I have only moved(p) the surface and still find it difficult to gather and select relevant evidence to back up my work, which I consider to be my weakness.In order to make further improvements, I would like to keep open to undertake further relevant academic courses and develop my confidence with writing skills, as it is said, practice makes amend.

Management Functions and Roles Essay

This week I interviewed Mr. Bradford, the health care administrator of Willis Knight wellness Center. Mr. Bradford has been in the health care field for 17 years. He has been the coordinator and director at the Willis Knight wellness Center for 11 years. mankind imagerys and leadership are two most pressing functions according to Mr. Bradford for his judicature. Human resources is the institutional function that deals with issues related to people such as allowance, hiring, performance management, organization development, safety, wellness, benefits, employee motivation, communication, administration, and training. pityingresources. about. com).Human Resource is also a strategic and comprehensive approach to managing people and the workplace culture and environment. Effective human resource management en fits employees to contribute effectively and productively to the overall company direction and the accomplishment of the organizations goals and objectives. (humanresources. ab out. com) Leadership plays an important role as well.As a leader you should be able to create more leaders, you must be able to invite the people following you stand up and thump noticed so they in turn have other people following them while a chain of responsibility and cohesiveness forms so you create a well-oiled machine. Working with different item-by-item on daily basics there is no way that you can satisfy each and every(prenominal) one. Creating a safe, healthy and happy workplace will ensure that your employees feel homely and stay with your organization for a very long time.Paying out bonuses or having any kind of variable compensation plan can be both incentive and disillusionment, based on how its administered and communicated. Adopt a systematic approach to ensure that knowledge in databases to provide greater access to information post either by the company or the employees on the knowledge portals of the company. Have open house discussions and feedback chemical mechanism as a leader you should be able to take constructive criticism. (empxtrack. com) There are tailfin key challenges or areas, some strategic and some operational.Leadership, pay and reward, equality and diversity, talent management and military service transformation and efficiency. Placing and shaping community leadership and delivering services to empowered and engaged citizens requires a new coiffe of leadership skill and capacity from public sector leaders, both political and managerial. Pay and reward be the immediate battleground for HR in the short term. National negotiating machinery is increasingly out of touch with the require of local employers, politically directed by ministers and, as a consequence, is more focused on managing live managing cost pressures and the broader economic position.Increasingly, the need to ensure organizational approaches to diversity has a true focus upon communities and community cohesion has meant that the role of HR in shaping, supporting and embedding good approaches to equality and diversity. Supply and demand talent spotting and development and, most importantly, the ability to deploy talent effectively for the future means that HR needs to provide resourcing and development solutions that are faster, more flexible and technology enabled to reduce the bureaucracy and paper-based approaches that numerous still protect and love.Finally service transformation and efficiency the big challenge, in the future get involved with service transformation and modernisation. (personltoday. com) In conclusion to better services the people we serve is to await to educate the staff, make winners out of your staff, always make individuals better as you become better and have a great relationship with your staff and patients. Additions to training life experiences can help alone the way, outdo lessons learned are the ones we learn on our own.

Manchester United Economic Impact

c Impact Manchester Uniteds Economic Impact By Dalton Truax For Mike Pearson Sports Marketing & Management 28 February 2013 Introduction Manchester United is the most valuable sports completelyiance to exist so surely the floor show must make the city a lot of money e really year, right? Soccer is the most democratic sport in the world, and the most popular soccer club in the world is Manchester United. There is no denial that Manchester United has had a huge cultural continue as well as make many social contri moreoverions to its local anaesthetice, but what about the teams economic impact?Manchester United has cultivated the local and regional economy in many ways, with most of them being exclusively positive. Some of the ways the club has influenced the local and regional economy atomic number 18 done networking, the economic impact of the supporters, employment, real estate, multiplier effects, and market of the city. Networks, Suppliers, Supporters I will first focus o n Manchester Uniteds economic impact through networking, suppliers, and attracted supporters. First and foremost, there is most definitely an economic impact as a result of networking and suppliers.Penns shape illustrates how a soccer club push aside play a aim in regional development, using three possible network types. 1 In the first model ( effigy 1), the club operates as an apart(p) business. The development effect is limited to the income that is spent again in the local economy, the income multiplier. The second model (Figure 2) embodies the moorage in which the club has relations with some other local companies like suppliers, subcontractors, and others, where the club is the heart of the economical development. testify also Twitter Case StudyThe given companies depend very much on the club. The last model (Figure 3) describes a network that does not exclusively depend on the soccer club. This is the case with the sponsor and selling network of Manchester United. Altho ugh the sponsor and merchandising networks are mostly situated on a national level, somewhat of these companies can fool an impact on the local scale. 2 Figure 1 pic Figure 2 pic Figure 3pic Manchester United has a worldwide fan base. There are supporters clubs all over the world because of their popularity.Supporters have an economical impact on the regional and local economy because of what they spend on transport, drinks, food, etc. A study on Manchester United supporters shows us that a supporter spends an average of $25 on drinks, food, and other products per match. 3 If the supporters are from outside the region, they bring in money to the local economy. We have to take into account that the soccer related expenses by local supporters are not an extra input for the local economy. A very limited number of seats are reserved for the supporters of the opposing team. 0% of the supporters are local, 40% are from the northwest region outside of the local community, and from outsid e the regional community are another 30%. 4 This means that a total of 70% of the supporters can generate a positive economic impact for the local economy, and 30% can do this for the regional economy. There were 68,187 seats in Old Trafford in 2010 and well-nigh 40 matches a year. This results in a yearly net income of $4,221,560,700. On a regional scale, this results in $18,092,403,000 every year. 5 These supporters expenditures end up especially in the hands of the hotel and catering industry in the immediate area around the stadium. Hotels are almost always full on the day of games. The have employment by the club also has an economical impact, which is magnified by the income multiplier. The players may also influence the real estate market quite a bit players often invest in residential developments and other real estate operations. It is assumed that the presence of soccer players in a neighborhood can add to the attraction of that neighborhood.Some real estate agencies even try to attract soccer players to luxurious neighborhoods scarce so that they can attract other wealthy people. 6 National Image Because of globalization, cities and regions worldwide have entered into a struggle for investment, tourism, and development. Marketing of the city is a very important tool when it comes to this. The question is which graphic symbol sports, and more(prenominal) specifically soccer clubs like Manchester United, can play here. Entertainment is playing a larger and bigger role in society as the years go by. So, how does the government view Manchester United in this matter?The government acknowledges the important role Manchester United plays as a catalyst for marketing of the city. They project Manchester United mainly as a publicity channel for the region to attempt to attract tourists, as well as companies to the region. Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council also uses the presence of Manchester United to further develop the area around the club. They h ave a long-term vision for the development of Old Trafford, the teams historic stadium. The role of Manchester United in attracting businesses is very significant.The club can attract businesses itself but can only do this for businesses that benefit from the actual matches taking place, such as pubs and hotels. On the other hand, the club functions as a publicity channel for the region. It draws attention, and is always a good way to start a conversation. In this way, the club has indirectly made a large contribution to bring businesses and investments to the region. The brand name is known all over the world and puts Manchester on the map. Therefore it is of extreme importance that the club keeps a positive discover and identity for the city.Conclusion We can conclude that Manchester United does not only have a cultural importance, but that they can also make an economical contribution by networking, the impact of supporters on surrounding businesses, and the role they might play in marketing for the city and regional development. The economic impact of Manchester United is capacious and in many ways cannot even be described in numbers. 1https//aow. kuleuven. be/geografie/toekomstigestudenten/onderzoek/vandenbroucke/fig1b_penn_model. gif 2http//aow. kuleuven. e/geografie/toekomstigestudenten/onderzoek/vandenbroucke/index. hypertext markup language 3http//www. foxbusiness. com/personal-finance/2011/12/20/5-pricey-nfl-stadiums-that-will-sack-your-wallet/ 4http//www. telegraph. co. uk/sport/football/competitions/premier-league/9795377/Twitter-map-finally-reveals-exactly-where-Manchester-United-fans-live. html 5http//www. bloomberg. com/news/2012-02-21/manchester-united-quarterly-profit-rises-31-on-finance-costs-sponsors. html 6http//lifestyle. ezinemark. com/luxurious-houses-of-premier-league-players-773659074564. html

Classification

Bryce Langdon Professor Joliffe side 1301 17 October 2010 Smokers Smoking tobacco has been around for m either thousands of years and tail ends specifically have been around for a few thousand as well. Smoking can be split up into several classifications with collar of the primary ones being those people who pasture to reduce tension, people who socially smoke and purpose stag partys. unheeding of the type of smoker a somebody is, take in is an addiction and harmful non only to the smoker but to family members, coworkers and any other person who comes into contact with the second-hand smoke.Social Smokers. Casual smokers are those who typically do not inhale the cigarette smoke. They are not addicted to the nicotine. Some may think they are effective from the harm of a cigarette by pretending to smoke, but do not let this broad of green goddess fool you. A person is still getting some of the affects of the smoke on twinge of other environmental toxins and second-hand smo ke. Many times the mundane smoker is only compensating for something being in their hold and often times will turn into a regular smoker. Casual smokers often times smoke a lot much than he or she will publicly admit.Many regular smokers envy the casual smoker because they believe that they have better control over their addiction and can stop on a dime but the fact of the matter is that most casual smokers end up smoking for false pleasures, trying to feel deal they did when they were non-smokers (QuitSmokinGuide. com, 2009). Smokes to Reduce Tension. A person who smokes to reduce tension uses the cigarette to manage negative effects, nerve-racking situations and feelings of anger, fear, and anxiety. These type of smokers are often considered light smokers because life is full of stressful situations , hence the tension. discharge smokers typically smoke between half a pack to one pack a day. Casual smokers easily slip into this smokes to reduce tension classification and often have been smokers, quit, and taken up smoking once again, several times. Many light smokers could still benefit from products aimed at reducing nicotine addiction, like nicotine gum or counseling, however changing priorities and lifestyle often help these type of smokers kick their habit (Painter, 2009). Habit Smokers. According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 1. 3 billion people are smokers worldwide and smokers slip by an average fifteen years sooner than nonsmokers (Hawkins).For most habit smokers, smoking is not even enjoyable any more. People often have developed a behavioral pattern that causes them to light up as a response to a cue, for typeface a cup of coffee or getting into the car. Habit smokers can fall into the category of heavy to chain smokers who consume anywhere from two to more than three packs a day. When the habit smoker takes the steps necessary to quit smoking the possible pulling out symptoms can be ugly but one must remember these are res ults from the person smoking not because they decided to stop.Such symptoms could include tingling or numbness in the arms and legs, severe headaches, looseness or constipation, and a overall uncomfortable feeling. CONCLUSION With several classifications of smokers, they are have similar characteristics for example they are cause lung damage. However, depending on the degree of smoker that a person is depends on how difficult it is sacking to be for the person to quit once they actually put their mind to it. No matter the classification, any person who quits smoking will be making a difference right away.A persons taste and smell will get better, along with breathe smelling better, decrease in nasty cough, and more importantly add years onto the end of their life.Works Cited Casual Smokers. QuitSmokingGuide. com. 2009. Web. 19 Oct 2010. . Painter, K. Your Health Light smokers could need help quitting, too. USA Today 16 November 2009 n. pag. Web. 19 Oct 2010. . Smoking Classifica tion. Projects for Students by Students. Oracle ThinkQuest, n. d.. Web. 19 Oct 2010. . Types of Smokers (by Cigarette Consumption). Nursing Research (n. d. ) n. pag. Web. 19 Oct 2010. .