Faulkner’s and Morrison’s Notions of Parenting

In literature of fictional realism, the difficulty of storytelling often lies in creating a believable atmosphere, in order for the reader to identify with the characters and surroundings. The theme and plot may well be stylish and inspirational, but without plausible characters or a practical setting, the atmosphere of suspended belief the author is striving for can be marred by the simple obscurity of the key elements of character development, functional setting, and writing style appropriate to the story itself. If an author is skilled enough to successfully employ these crucial elements, and have a solid story to boot, then great writing is created. Such is the case with William Faulkner and Toni Morrison. Faulkner’s novel As I Lay Dying and Morrison’s Pulitzer- and Nobel-prize winning novel Beloved express the damage that can be caused through either excess of devotion or indifferent neglect of the respective parent. Both writers maintain focus on the development of the characters, create an active and believable setting, and employ appropriate writing styles to successfully convey their social commentaries. In As I Lay Dying, Faulkner introduces his characters, the Bundren family, as simple country folk faced with grave circumstances. Addie, the mother of the family, is on her deathbed, and not much longer for the world. The household is in a state of despair, performing their perfunctory duties, but with a pronounced lack of enthusiasm. Anse, worrying himself on the front porch, puts it simply after telling his son Vardaman to wash his hands: â€Å"But I just cant seem to get no heart in it,† (Faulkner, 38). Neither Anse nor any other members of the household seem to have any clue as to how to react to the forthcoming tragedy, outside of dispensing their feeble grasp of pathos. Even Tull, the Bundrens’ nearby neighbor, comments on Anse in pity: â€Å"†¦the only burden Anse Bundren’s ever had is himself†¦I think to myself he aint that less of a man or he couldn’t a bore himself this long. † (Faulkner, 73). This simple statement by Tull is a testimony to Anse’s burden as a father and husband. Anse recognizes his failings as both patraiarch and devoted husband; it is that weight that ignites a sudden surge of faithfulness to his wife and urges him upon the journey to respect her last wishes of a burial in Jefferson. Faulkner further establishes the Bundrens as incapable of grasping appropriateness as Cash stands outside of his mother’s window, in her full view, nailing and sawing together the coffin in which she will be laid to rest. The irony is that Addie wants to see it being constructed: â€Å"[Addie was] Lying there with her head propped up so she could watch Cash building the coffin,† (Faulkner, 23). Faulkner is commenting not only on the family’s dim grasp of appropriateness, but on the mother’s part as well, and the reader is left to wonder the reasoning behind Addie’s decision to watch her son build her coffin. In this light, Addie can seem cold towards her children, in that she is looming over Cash’s shoulder as he goes about the grim task of constructing his dying mother’s coffin. In actuality, Addie holds her son in reverence and is transmitting that care using the only method she was taught, by merely paying attention to him. Looking at the characters individually in order to circumscribe a mediocre upbringing, Faulkner’s careful construction of the characters implies the damage the parents have inflicted by their relative indifference. Vardaman remains in a state of reluctance and confusion, simply because no one in the family, least of all the parents, takes the time to fully explain the circumstances. He cannot grasp death’s finality and begins to panic when his mother is placed into the coffin post-mortem: â€Å"Are you going to nail it shut, Cash? Nail it? Nail it? † (Faulkner, 65). His incredulity incites him to action, and the episode spins into Vardaman’s notion to drill holes into the coffin so that she might breathe. Unfortunately, Vardaman misjudges the body’s position and â€Å"When they taken the lid off they found that two of [the drill-holes] had bored on into her face,† (73). The whole of the scene focuses on the fact that Vardaman was acting out of concern and love for his mother, but with disastrous results. This is a vehicle Faulkner employs throughout the novel, that bad ideas are often accompanied by good intentions, which re-emphasizes the tacit misunderstanding of a sound family dynamic. There is an abject, obscure devotion, but the family, including Addie, has had an impossible time of setting that devotion in concrete terms. But it is Faulkner’s use of language to skillfully transition into Addie’s sole monologue that explicates his willingness to peg complex irony into an otherwise straightforward novel. Faulkner utilizes the family’s inability to communicate as a launching point for Addie’s monologue, which centers on the idea that words are often lacking in function. Addie represents Faulkner’s commendable language skills by evoking great sorrow in a single stroke. While previous monologues of other characters create a mosaic of separate sadnesses, it is through Addie that the reader is pulled into pointed and exacted depths of human misery. Moreover, her frank manner of speech serves Faulkner’s purpose of cold accuracy as Addie despairs in her position of responsibility she never wanted nor feel she deserves: â€Å"I knew that that word [love] was like the others; just a shape to fill a lack; that when the right time came, you wouldn’t need a word for that anymore than for pride or fear†, (Faulkner, 172). Devin Mckernan, in his article Conflict of the Feminine in As I Lay Dying, comments on this move by Faulkner: â€Å"That this would be Faulkner’s take on language is obviously ironic, as he depends on his words to not only live but perpetuate his own concepts and beliefs,† (9). Addie’s statement of words being insufficient to fill a particular void is Faulkner’s method of projecting his own frustration at the feebleness and insubstantiality of words. Addie summarizes the futility of spoken words in situations where speech is neither necessary nor fulfilling of any definitive purpose. So automatically her lack of faith in the communication of words is relayed to her children, whom she neglects to communicate effectively with, and Vardaman’s vacancy, Jewel’s bitterness, and Dewey Dell’s airiness reflect Addie’s poor maternal instincts. Too, she is objecting her husband Anse’s reference to ‘love’. For Addie, as for Faulkner, the conveyance of deep-felt emotions or thoughts or ideas or beliefs cannot be hammered down in such abstract terminology; words such as ‘love’ and ‘pride’ are both ambiguous and subjective, hence meaningless. This outlook proves Addie a failed mother and a bitter wife, which is transmuted upon the family and reflects in their dim sense of family. Faulkner’s tact lies in the brevity of Addie’s monologue to express Addie’s resentment of words of feeling: â€Å"†¦sin and love and fear are just sounds that people who have never sinned nor loved nor feared have for what they never had and cannot have until they forget the words,† (174). Clearly, the language is disparaging of the abstract nature of words, but subtly Faulkner is urging the reader to think for himself and what those abstract words mean to each individual, or if they should have a meaning attached to them in the first place. There still remains the implied love that Anse has for his family. After Cash breaks his leg, Anse comes up with the idea of setting the leg into cement as a remedy. This episode is the most profound example of Anse’s poor fathering yet, and the fact that he does not realize the damage being done until a neighbor points out the worsening injury is further evidence of Faulkner desiring his audience to grasp the absoluteness of parental failing: â€Å"Cash’s leg and foot turned black†¦ ‘Didn’t none of you have more sense than that? ’ Mr. Gillespie said,† (Faulkner, 224). Here is the penultimate example of Anse impacting his children out of ignorance, but not for lack of caring. It must be noted that Faulkner still implies a general air of tenderness warmth as Anse â€Å"just aimed to help [Cash],† (ibid), but without the common sense to do anything but the first hare-brained idea he could muster. This scene is also an example of Faulkner’s use of a dynamic setting to deliver the theme of the husband finally finding devotion enough for his wife, but, like Addie, viewing the children as burdensome. For Faulkner, Yoknapatawpha county and its rural Mississippi surroundings provide the requisite set of trials and misfortunes the Bundrens must overcome to deliver Addie safely to Jefferson. On the way they encounter a fierce river that drowns their mule team, providing the first example of the roughness of the terrain as a force to be reckoned with: â€Å"†¦I see the mules come rolling up slow up out of the water, their legs spraddled stiff like they had balked upside down†¦,† (Faulkner, 154). This episode still outlines a familial love between the characters, because it was Anse’s bull-headed devotion to Addie’s dying wish of burial in Jefferson that made the sojourn necessary in the first place, and come what may he would deliver her no matter how rough the road gets, and in spite of his bitterness towards his family. Faulkner weaves the setting further into his tale by making the novel one of necessary travel. As stated earlier, the primary goal of the Bundrens is to deliver Addie to her final resting place in Jefferson. The gathering rain, the swollen, mule-drowning river, and the instance of Cash’s broken leg all provide Faulkner with ample opportunity to make the setting as threatening as Anse’s stubborn devotion. The risks run by the family are outweighed by Anse’s final attempt to do right by Addie, a fact to which Anse is either oblivious or indifferent. Faulkner succeeds in his goal to incorporate as much of the setting to drive his novel and further express the mishaps of Anse’s bumbling paternal figure. As I Lay Dying is regarded as a giant of literary fiction, encompassing stout and functional characters, a dynamic and threatening setting, and a style of versification as subtle as it is simple to relay the message of parental ignorance and neglect. And Toni Morrison, in her novel Beloved, is equally successful in her characterizations, her setting, and her expressive language, but to deliver a message of hope from the most down-trodden, the ex-slaves of post-Civil war society. Morrison rides the road opposite Faulkner, ensuring the proper level of complexity in her characters, taming her setting to nurture as well as inflict tragedy, and designing her language on a more intricate level. Morrison’s characters are not permitted the lack of intimacy like the Bundren family. Sethe, the matriarchal central figure of the story, operates on a far deeper and more complex level than the sum total of the Bundrens combined. She is strong-willed yet vulnerable, fierce yet devoted, at times simple and straightforward in thought, and at other times profound and insightful. In the opening scene, Paul D comments to himself on the nature of Sethe â€Å"†¦the one with iron eyes and backbone to match,† (Morrison, 9). In Sethe, the reader is given a strong character who is also burdened with her charges, Denver and Beloved. But Sethe differs from Anse in her willingness to accept that burden, accept her children and try to raise them up correctly, insofar as her past and her present will allow her. Morrison takes care to create Sethe as a proper mother figure, weaving into her narrative the harrowing story of Sethe’s escape from Sweet Home, integrating Denver’s birth on a grounded rowboat, and illustrating the automatic response of maternal care for Beloved upon Beloved’s entrance into the novel. These two very human flaws are central for Sethe’s internal struggles. She holds her head high in pride, as an escaped ex-slave who has (mostly) succeeded in putting her grim past behind her: â€Å"No more running-from nothing. I will never run from another thing on this earth,† (Morrison, 15). This early declaration from Sethe provides the context for the reader to understand her position; that as a mother escaping from slavery’s treachery caused her to duck and run, but as a woman having overcome that trial she is in firm refusal to let any further hardships force her to turn tail and bail. So it is the shame of having to run, as necessary as that escape was, coupled with the pride of having survived the grisly cruelty of slavery that constitutes much of Sethe’s psychological makeup. This past, however, will lead Sethe down a road of what can be viewed as either temporary psychosis or the pinnacle of devoted motherhood. In one of the most crucial scenes of the novel, the slavehunters have discovered Sethe and her children hiding out in a shed at the back of 124. Sethe, well aware of the inhumanity of the men surrounding her, slays her child, cutting its throat. When the men enter, they find Sethe â€Å"holding a blood-soaked child to her chest with one hand and an infant by the heels in the other,† (Morrison, 149). The other infant is Denver, whom Stamp Paid saves from â€Å"the arch of its mother’s swing,† (ibid). At first glance, this scenario seems strikingly cruel, but Sethe’s personal history as a slave, and therefore her knowledge of its terrors, drives her to commit the unspeakable infanticide: in Sethe’s mind, she had no choice but to save her children from the horrendous fate of slavery by murdering them. This episode portrays the duality of Sethe’s unfortunate past as always having an effect on her well-being and that of her children; she is devoted as a mother, but so much so that she assumes her child’s immediate death is preferable to the inhumanities of slavery. For Morrison, Paul D represents an odd secondary paternal figure, that of the bedraggled former slave male willing to sacrifice his own pride and paset at the chance of a content â€Å"normal† life with Sethe. But this life includes Denver, and from the outset Paul D is aware of Denver’s resentment towards him, not necessarily as a father figure, but as a stranger and a threat to the relationship between Denver and Sethe. Paul D is Morrison’s definintion of an aloof father, aware of his conspicuousness to Denver, and Denver believing that he has no intention of attempting the role of father. Midway through the novel, the reader encounters a crucial moment, as Paul D has been seduced and taken by Beloved, but he is willing to tell Sethe the truth. Paul D finally musters the courage to tell her of his infidelity, and Morrison is sure to highlight Sethe’s courage: â€Å"†¦already ready to accept, release or excuse an in-need-or-trouble man†¦because she didn’t believe any of them†¦ could measure up,† (Morrison, 128). In this statement, Morrison portrays Sethe as she has been from the outset of the story, iron-willed and accustomed well enough to disappointment than to let some wild man from her distant past ruin her by shucking off and discarding her. This outlook is due to Morrison’s extensive development of her character, making Sethe that much more plausible, in the sense that her disturbing past bears down so heavily on her present decision. The established mindset of overcoming any difficulty sets her jaw before she even knows what the issue is that Paul D is referring to. Too, there is an expectant despair in the statement, since Sethe’s past is so loaded with tragedy that she is reluctant to believe anything else is possible. This theme, the inability to completely conquer one’s own past demons, will further define Morrison’s complexity in regard to Sethe and Paul D’s incompatibility as a functional parental pair. Sethe and Paul D are strong central characters but are reluctant to revisit the mutual history that has so bound them, even in the light of a functional and content relationship. As stated by Arlene R. Keizer, â€Å"†¦the knowledge [from Sethe’s and Paul D’s slavery history] that might sustain them spiritually is consigned to the same forbidden area as the knowledge that might destroy them,† (Keizer, 2). Keizer touches on two main points that prove Sethe and Paul D inaccessible as parental figures: one, their shared history is too violent to revisit, hence any former knowledge of upbringing is null and void; and two, this forbidden area constitutes a large portion of their personalities, so any parenting they might attempt would only be a partial reflection of the whole person. Morrison ensures that the past setting of her characters binds them as strong as the present setting. The span of years passed in degradation and submission still wound and hinder both Sethe’s and Paul D’s further attempts to encompass a functional family life. Here a key difference arises between Morrison and Faulkner. Faulkner’s setting is present-focused, concentrating on the immediate actions and linear motion of the story to carry his failed parent theme. His characters can’t see but the road ahead of them, and plod along with a dim view of what is and what still might be, with little to no reference to any previous tragedy. The Bundrens’ past is reflected upon briefly, but merely in passing and without the gravity and great triumph intermingled with tragedy that Morrison employs. Morrison establishes the past as vital to the characters’ growth or retardation, where the strengths and weaknesses are exposed fully in their profound self-reflections, and their past will ultimately haunt them, especially Sethe and Paul D crippling their abilities as parental figures. Often enough, the characters have found methods and means to dissuade the past from surfacing too much, as when Sethe rubs Paul D’s knee, likening the soothing repetitive action to kneading flour into dough: â€Å"Working, working dough. Nothing better than that to start the day’s serious work of beating back the past,† (Morrison, 73). Here, the reader is drawn back to the fact that a collective past such as Sethe’s and Paul D’s must be confronted daily and fiercely, lest the despair it might breed ruin their lives and all that they have worked for. But it is the physical manifestation of Beloved and her move into 124 that wreaks the most havoc, and attempts to crush the semblance of a family Sethe and Paul D were attempting to find. Beloved’s entrance into the novel signifies dual emotions for Sethe, particularly since the longer Beloved lingers, the more willing Sethe is to please and obey her. Beloved completed Sethe in a way that neither Denver nor Paul D could. Sethe becomes doting, gradually sacrificing herself as Beloved grows fatter while â€Å"Sethe pleaded for forgiveness, counting, listing again and again her reasons,† (Morrison, 242). Convinced that Beloved is actually the spirit of her murdered daughter, Sethe is driven to madness by outpouring the devotion she robbed herself of with Beloved’s murder. it is unclear whether or not Beloved is truly the spirit of the child she has slain, but the representation of Sethe’s morbid past is definitely represented. As Jean Wyatt comments, â€Å"Beloved [is] able to articulate infantile feelings that ordinarily remain unspoken,† (Wyatt, 231). Wyatt’s statement encompasses the fullness of the problem. In the literal sense, the reader is drawn to the fact that adult Beloved can speak fully of the murder and articulate her resentment, her bitterness, and demand reasoning from Sethe, which gradually breaks Sethe down into madness. Figuratively, Beloved’s communication serve as a continous reminder of Sethe’s most profound and secret mistake of murdering her daughter. Beloved is a cruel and vindictive spirit, prying Sethe from the care of Denver without Sethe’s full awareness, and capitalizing on Sethe’s regret to the point of Sethe being driven mad. At this point in the novel, a drastic change occurs in Denver. Sethe now dotes upon Beloved incessantly, to the point that Sethe’s health begins to fail and she is driven further into a harmful obsession for Beloved’s well-being. This incites Denver to action, and through her despairing over her mother, Denver dives headlong into maturity, going about town asking for help in the exorcising of Beloved’s malignant spirit. The town gathers and amidst Sethe’s mistaking Mr. Bodwin for Schoolteacher and Sethe’s subsequent attempt to kill him, Beloved vanishes. This episode is Morrison’s most profound irony regarding Sethe as the maternal figure; that by neglecting Denver in favor of Beloved, Denver blooms into a fully grown woman, and succeeds in saving her mother from the terrible spirit of Beloved. The metaphor of the past as a force that requires â€Å"beating back† is crucial also to understanding Morrison’s method of incorporating figurative speech into her novel; the text is rife with similes, metaphors, and euphemisms: â€Å"†¦when trouble rode bareback among them.. or when Amy refers to the whip scars on Sethe’s back as â€Å" a chokecherry tree† (Morrison, 249, 79). These metaphors are Morrison’s most powerful vehicle in delivering her message of hope, where trouble becomes a beast to be tamed and the cruel scars of Sethe’s past are likened to the pleasing image of a tree. It is this language that separates Morrison from Faulkner the most, since Faulkner maintains simple language for a simple people, while Morrison enriches her characters with complex metaphors to fully grasp the potency of those insubstantial words that ever fail to convey a complete meaning. Both Beloved and As I Lay Dying incorporate the three elements of character development, realistic setting, and a sound approach to language use in order to convey their separate messages. Faulkner proves Anse’s and Addie’s failed parenting through his simple-minded but plausible country folks, the fierce and dynamic setting they work within, and the unsophisticated language and writing that epitomizes the questionable decisions and motivations of the parents. Morrison achieves a similar end as her parental characters operate on a more complex thought level, with all the restraints and reassurances of the past. Too, her setting revolves around both the present and the past to create an expansive environment to learn and grow from, and her use of the higher language of metaphor and her final ironic twist implies a mental and spiritual depth that Faulkner’s Bundren family never attains.

Responsible Leadership in a Stakeholder Society- a Relational Perspective

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Overcoming Procrastination. Time Management - Article Example The personal obstacle I faced was procrastination. I had the habit of avoiding doing assignments even when I knew they had to be done. Despite having a highly detailed schedule, I would still find myself procrastinating my duties. This was as a result of getting weighed down by my workload that I would have just put it all off. At most times, I found the lectures so tiring. Concentration was also lacking with new exciting things in this new environment. Some of the causes for poor time management were; lack of self motivation and knowledge as I had no predetermined goals. Maintaining a schedule was difficult due to improper planning for a schedule that was flexible. Procrastination also contributed heavily on managing time as whatever was put off had to be done later at a time planned for another task. To overcome these obstacles, I had to employ some useful tactics. According to my biological tempo and the time of the day it became easy to plan for what would be best to do in the mo rning, day time and evening. I came up with a way to prioritize my day. In the evenings, I would put down most crucial things to be done the next day. I would then attempt them in order of their significance. I would review my progress and fix or adjust my list if necessary. When all significant errands were done, timely and in an organized manner, I would reward myself. For better concentration; studying in particular places like the library is best. Where one can avoid interruption from fellow students or friends, they can cover a lot of work and do their revision. Also switching off the phone or having it in silent mode so as not to get disrupted. During study time, one should only pick urgent calls and shun chatting with friends. Having an arranged working area beats off laziness. One can optimize their working environment. I had a file for all my things and kept them in order of the dates. My class notes were organized and kept ready for quizzes and tests. On a weekly basis, I would conduct a clean up where I would go through all my materials. I filed everything recent systematically and kept old papers in another file at home. Another helpful technique to solve procrastination would be starting on another item after finishing that which you were working on. For example, during study time when done with the day’s work, briefly start on the next assignment so as to be ahead during the subsequent session. If the work is too much you can always do only a small part of the task at a time, and this goes hand in hand with time management. If you do small quantities of the work when it is already nearing the time it should be handed in then the assignment will not be completed, but if one starts doing small portions of the work immediately assigned by submission date, it can be complete and ready to be handed in for marking. A relapse is normal and expected so one must not give up, evaluate what went wrong then try overcoming the obstacles again. After ap plying these techniques, the progress in overcoming my personal and academic challenges was remarkable. Free time and study time were defined clearly after coming up with a flexible schedule. To guarantee success in my studies, there was enough planned study time such that for every hour spent in class two hours would be devoted to revision. I discovered the overpowering problems such as the need for perfection, anxiety and panic and sought them out fast since they are what caused these obstacles in the first place. When the mind is kept occupied at all time, for example, multi tasking it helps. During breaks, going back on what you had studied and revising this for instance definitions covered earlier when studying so that they can be remembered easily if

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Quantitative Methods and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Quantitative Methods and Analysis - Essay Example Information can be gathered from huge number of people in a very less time, Questionnaires are also considered as feasible, encompass low financial resources and collects immense amount of knowledge in a lesser time. It is suitable for variety of topics relating to variety of fields for variety of jobs. Questionnaires are also considered as cost-effective as to gather and pool the information has nowadays become much easier due to readily available computer software (DÃ ¶rnyei & Taguchi, 2010). The primary reason of unreliability of questionnaires is that many respondents do not have research sense and are unmotivated as they feel that it would not benefit them from in any way therefore they do not prefer to provide the correct answers which lead to the unreliability and misleading information. The researcher has no opportunity to correct the mistake of the respondents. Respondents often forget or hide the true information intentionally or unintentionally. Sometimes respondents even don’t know the exact response towards the questions. If the overall impression of a person towards the topic is positive he will less likely provide answers in a negative manner (DÃ ¶rnyei & Taguchi, 2010). The study of Olivero & Lunt (2004) used interview technique as part of data collection tool to compare the privacy and willingness in terms of e-commerce exchanges. Long qualitative interviews were held for participants using repeated e-mail exchanges. Interview data were combined with insights from the literatures on self-disclosure, sociology, and consumer research in a grounded theory analysis. In a grounded analysis of theory, based on self-disclosure, consumer research and sociology, the interview data was gathered in light of previous studies. Initially an introductory e-mail was sent to participants elaborating the purpose of research and the interview process. Before conducting the

Joint venture paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Joint venture - Research Paper Example One of the benefits of forming a joint venture therefore is to gain access to the new markets as two entities; one foreign and one domestic and as such foreign entity often bring in new technologies which can benefit the domestic entities due to technology transfer. In US, Joint ventures are mostly regulated by Partnership laws, Contract Act as well as commercial transaction laws. In order to successfully formulate a joint venture, it is really important to consider due diligence, business plan as well as the allocation of the income must be decided before formation of the joint venture contract. This report will present an analysis of the joint venture between NIKE and Adidas, the business potential and the international aspects of NIKE as well as performing a due diligence of the potential joint venture between the two. 1. Nike own and operate various retail stores, ecommerce, independent distributors as well as franchisers across the United States and World. Nike has one of the unique business models in place where it manufactures its products through its contract centers located across the world. This provides NIKE necessary cost advantage over its competitors. 2. Nike manufactures and sells branded footwear, apparel as well as equipment and different accessories. This range includes various brands offered across the world either supplied locally or through franchising. 3. Make its supply chain more competitive as well as efficient through strong operational discipline. NIKE’s supply chain is truly a global supply chain due to the fact that it involves different stakeholders at different points in the supply chain. Besides, these stakeholders are spread across the world. 4. Achieving strong cost advantage through adoptive lean manufacturing philosophy. NIKE has adapted a very unique manufacturing philosophy

CASE STUDY Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CASE STUDY - Coursework Example It was during this bidding that Preston realized the inefficiency of their control charts. HP personnel compared their own control charts with Preston’s and found the later to be lagging. At Preston the employees were only working to meet specifications. Hence, this helped in identifying the underlying problem in the plant. The third significant event responsible for adoption of quality principles was the acquisition of the plant by Rendall. Rendall acquired the plant considering it to be a turnaround opportunity. However, the company was disappointed to find the inefficient processes and poor productivity levels at the plant. Moreover, without the Vector project, it was going to be difficult for the plant to survive. This need for urgency was a big factor in motivating Tom and other employees at Preston to adopt quality based principles. The fourth significant event was the meeting of Tom Branton with HP personnel in Chicago in June, 2000. It was in this meeting that Tom actually realized the problems in their control charts. HP people compared Preston’s control charts with their own and made Tom aware of the issues. Tom realized that HP was utilizing Preston’s data more effectively than they themselves were. This event acted as a trigger for the quality drive. The last event which acted as a nail in the coffin was the decision of not awarding the Vector project to Preston in September, 2000. Rendall almost decided to shut down the plant. However, Rendalll was taken into confidence by Preston’s management team. This was the point where the real turnaround began. The basic philosophy which Preston used in its quality program was to ensure that the plant would not operate till the process is in a state of control. Earlier the employees were under dilemma in case the process was not in control. They would bear the brunt both for low productivity and for producing defective products when

Paper Two Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Paper Two - Essay Example There are available tenets and beliefs that the church is only concerned in teaching people and aid them to achieve salvation via the grace given by God. Thus can be taken to be the principal reason of existence for the church but there are other reasons for its existence. A church is a place where people in the community meet a few times in a week in order to be taught morals and tactics of living peacefully with each other. The church exists in all communities and there is nowhere in the 160 sovereign nations existing today that does not have one. Each and every community honouring the basic human rights retains a big role for the church. For instance, in countries where it is marred with racism, then the church plays a key role in ensuring that the people live together in peace and harmony. If there are any disagreements, then the church ensure that it solves the issue and come up with a long lasting solution. Mostly the clergy are notified of the issue and they call them for consultation (MRM, n.pag). Therefore the church plays a major role of uniting people and ensuring that the community has peace. The clergy men act like Jesus when he took the human flesh and came to live among us. Another major role played by the church in the community is provision of refuge for the less privileged people in the community. There are many people in the society that cannot afford the basic needs and therefore, the church has makes sure that these people have their needs taken care of (MRM, n.pag). For instance, there are some people in the society that are homeless. Therefore, the churches have organized safe houses where they can spend their nights as well as get access to other amenities. In this case the church plays the role of making people in the community feel appreciated and dignified which is a major breakthrough in the society. Another example is provision of children’s homes for orphans. Many

Ethnic Minorities Essay Example for Free

Ethnic Minorities Essay We have no choice over what color were born what we do have is some choice over what we make of our lives once were here. This shows us that she feels the same way as Cassie does in that she thinks that blacks are treated unfairly, but she thinks that we just have to get on with it. From this and throughout the whole book we can see that Mama is a very caring woman, but she does believe that people should take things as they come and get on with their lives, even if it means having to live with the violence and hatred towards the blacks from the whites. The second incident that I am going to write about is in chapter eight where Mama is fired from her job as a teacher. In this episode, Mama is giving a lesson about slavery when Mr Wallace and Mr Granger walk in and say that they, Been hearing bout your teaching, Mary, so as members of the board we thought wed come by and learn something. When they walk in Mama is teaching a lesson in history. The unlucky thing is that she is teaching the history of slavery. She speaks about how cruel slavery is and how the country profited from the slaves who were paid nothing and still not free. Then Mr Granger sees the books that Mama has pasted over and acknowledges that all the things Mama is teaching are not in the books. Mama says that she cannot teach what is in that book because, All that is in that book is not true. After this remark, Mr Granger tells her that she would be better off not teaching if she cannot teach what is in the book. This storyline probably originates from Mildred Taylor herself because as mentioned earlier, she says she used to hate the history of blacks at school because she felt that it was all completely false. I dont think that Mr Granger and Kaleb Wallace would have been so willing to lose a good teacher such as Mary Logan because of her views if she hadnt been black. It shows what the whites thought of the blacks having their own view on things. It also confirms the suspicion that the Whites always thought that they were right and that was the end of it. Because Mama loses her job, it puts an even bigger stress on the Logan family because they have an even smaller income. Papas reaction to the news of Mamas unemployment is, Well get by Plant some more cotton maybe. But well get by. From this I think it means that he was worried but didnt want Mama to feel bad because he also believed in what she had been teaching. During this episode, even Mamas boss Mr Wellever doesnt stick up for her, because he is too petrified to stand up for what he believes. This shows how much power the whites had over the blacks and also that the blacks rights to stand up for themselves and be able to say what they wanted to were completely dismissed because they knew what the consequences would be if they didnt do as the whites told them too. Teaching in the 1930s was very different to teaching now especially in the southern states of America. It used to be illegal for blacks to go to school and there were many illegal black schools taking place in peoples houses. Two other options were to have home schooling, which was quite hard if your parents were not very intelligent or to have education at your local church. In 1866 it became legal in the northern states for blacks to go to school with whites but in the southern states such as Mississippi, where Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry, is set there were separate schools for blacks and whites. The black schools were over-crowded and poorly equipped compared to the white school. We see this in the book when the black children at Great Faith are handed down books that were in some cases eleven years old and were given to the white children first. The slave trade was authoritatively abolished in 1807, but the Southern states of America continued to trade the slaves illegally. Effects were so bad that stud farms were set up where the most clever/strong humans were used to produce the model slave. In 1861-85, the American Civil War took place where the Northern States of American battled against the Southern states. The North won and finally put an end to the slavery trade in the Southern states. At this time large numbers of blacks left the South and headed for the North knowing that there was not as much poverty and chaos there. Even so, many blacks were left behind. As we see in Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry, slavery was a very big issue. There was a short phase where the blacks and whites tried to make peace with each other but it didnt work and soon the Northern states allowed the south to begin slavery once again. The North didnt help the newly freed slaves to protect their rights and let them have their freedom once again. Before I first began to read Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry I had no idea how much I would learn about racism. To me that word just meant when people made cruel jokes about blacks, but I didnt realise just how badly the blacks were treated at the beginning of last century and before that. I think that the book is very interesting to read when you have never thought about racism properly before and also very interesting when you already know about these subjects. I think that the incidents I have described definitely describe the persecution of the blacks. After reading Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry, I am undeniably thankful that these sorts of acts do not still go on today and I hope that they never will. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mildred Taylor section.

Of Mice and Men - John Steinbeck Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men John Steinbeck Essay In Chapter 4 of Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck portrays Crooks, Lennie, Candy, and Curleys wife as outcasts who although are lonely and seek each others companionship, ostracize each other nevertheless. Each of said characters seek companionship, are outcasts, and as a result abase one another. Crooks, Candy, Curleys wife, and Lennie are lonely and therefore seek companionship. Crooks is a very lonely character, and may in fact be the most diverse due to both his handicap and race. When he gets company, he tries to conceal his pleasure with anger; he does not welcome others into his abode because they discriminate against him (his impediment is therefore seen as a spiteful retaliation), but at the same time he is delighted to have company. When Crooks sees Lennie standing at the doorway smiling at him, Crooks gives in and allows him to stay, telling him you can come if ya want. Lennie is also lonely, for he is drawn to Crooks stable when he sees the light on; when he approached Crooks, he smiled helplessly in an attempt to make friends. Candy later comes in to the stable, as Crooks allows him to come in; he is modest about Crookss welcome, saying of course if you want me to. Candy is a passive man virtually unable to take any independent action and his one major act in the book, offering Lennie and George money in order to go in on a piece of land together, is a means by which he can become dependent on them; this is a result of his impeding loneliness. Lastly, Curleys wife enters the stable. Her presence is almost nomadic; she wonders around the whole ranch, seeking company and then parting. Generally considered to be a tramp by the men at the ranch, Curleys Wife is the only major character in Of Mice and Men whom Steinbeck does not give a name. She dislikes her husband and feels desperately lonely at the ranch, for she is the only woman and feels isolated from the other men, who openly scorn her. She still holds some small hope of a better life, claiming that she had the chance to become a movie star in Hollywood, but otherwise is a bitter and scornful woman who shamelessly uses sex to intimidate the workers. When she enters the stable, she pretends as if she is looking for Curley, but she really just wants company. Each of the aforementioned characters seek each others companionship and company to keep from getting lonely. Crooks, Candy, Curleys wife, and Lennie are also scrutinized as outcasts in the society in which they live, due to their defects Crooks being a black cripple, Candy an old handicapped man, Curleys wife being female, and Lennie whom is afflicted with mental retardation. Their reclusive stature is justified in the names in which they call themselves; Crooks calls himself black and a busted back nigger. Candy is called a busted sheep, Lennie a dum dum, and Curleys wife a tart. Furthermore, Steinbeck does not give Curleys wife a name; this illustrates that women in the concurrent era were looked down upon. Crooks, Curleys wife, Candy, and Lennie are further exemplified as outcasts by the fact that Slim, George, and Whit left them behind. Crooks, Candy, Curleys wife, and Lennie are exiled from society and left to be alone. With the pain, loneliness, and fear which they feel, Crooks, Candy, Curleys wife, and Lennie degrade each other. They call each other names, and Curleys wife adds to these statements by saying they [George, Slim, and Whit] left the weak ones behind. Candy calls her a bitch and reminds her that they at least have friends. Candy and Crooks even indicate that they want her to leave, that they have had enough. Crooks, Lennie, Candy, and Curleys wife are portrayed as outcasts who although are lonely and seek each others companionship, they ostracize each other nevertheless because of the over bearing society in which they live. They demean and mortify one another to make themselves feel better to attain a private victory that the other is more of an outcast than the former. They would rather have bitter company as to no company.

Determinants of the Value of Computers

Determinants of the Value of Computers Market is represented as a gathering place of consumers and sellers that a good/service is obtainable purchasable by producers and purchased by shopper (Blake, 1993). Business managed by the laws of offer and demand, not restrained by management interference, regulation or grant is best as referred to as free market. A free economic system may be a system during which the distribution for resources is set solely by their offer and therefore the demand for them. this can be primarily a theoretical thought as each country, even capitalist ones, places some limitations on the possession and exchange of commodities. The market equilibrium happens at the value wherever consumers temperament to demand is capable firms temperament to produce (Begg and Ward, 2007) In alternative words the connection between the demand and provide determines the equilibrium position of a specific smart or a service within the market place wherever no economic forces area unit being generated to alter the case . For a specific smart within the market this position is alleged to be existed once theres no excess demand and excess offer. In alternative words demand ought to be capable offer. HISTORY ON COMPUTERS Computers were seen as technically superior product that were sold-out initial to its domestic market, then to alternative technically developed countries. Moment in time, its being foreign to the developing countries and that eventually made by their voters. For international trade, the long-run pattern is that the trades among countries area unit being largely influenced by product innovation (invention) and sequent diffusion. The diffusion for pc product is therefore fast and cogent that its currently become virtually not possible to finish a task within the geographic point or colleges while not the help of a pc each within the develop and developing countries. Supply and demand, in recent social science, area unit factors that area unit thought to work out value, by showing a relationship between the quantity of a given article of trade makers WHO anticipate to sell at a definite value (in alternative words supply), and therefore the quantity of that article of trade that customers area unit ready to shop for (in alternative words demand). to produce suggests that manufacturing variable amounts of a good/service that producers to be sold-out at totally different prices; normally, higher costs may lead to a larger offer. Demand refers to the amount of an honest thats requested by shoppers at any given value. in keeping with the law of demand, demand decreases because the value goes up. in an exceedingly utterly competitive economy, {the provision|the offer|the availability} of the upward-sloping offer curve and therefore the descending demand curve yields a supply and demand schedule that, in order that because the 2 curves meet at some ext ent, the equilibrium value of associate item might be got hold of. the data on offer and demand is sourced from king Marshall‘s twentieth century theories, that acknowledges the role of shoppers in value determination, instead of taking the recent theory that focuses utterly on the value for the producer as a determinant. Marshalls work reveals along the recent offer theory with newer developments directed at the utility of a artifact to the buyer. Recent theories, like indifference-curve analysis and unconcealed preference, provide additional credence to the availability and demand theories fashioned by writers of utility. the idea of physical property is vital as well: it reveals however sure product can bear a substantial increase in value if theres no equitable substitute out there, whereas alternative simply disposable merchandise cannot do therefore while not losing business to competitors. The relationship that exit among shoppers and suppliers of an honest in an exceedingly market is standard as demand and provide model within the field of social science. in an exceedingly free market, value and amount sold-out in an exceedingly market of a specific artifact like pc. In recent years, {the availability|the offer|the provision} and affordability of pc act as a big half in high demand of it and to meet the desired demand suppliers/ producers supply additional and additional pc in market. Klein (1983) DETERMINANTS OF the value OF COMPUTERS in an exceedingly FREE MARKET There area unit variety of things which might influence the demand and provide of computers and for this reason the value is while not human intervention determined from the demand-supply curve in an exceedingly demand-supply model. Some variables that influences demand for computers area unit the increasing variety of population, preferences, income etc. of these factors have an effect on the demand of computers absolutely by a right shift in demand curve that will increase value and amount of computers which can yield a shortage of computers in market. as an example, a rise in demand as a results of the result of 1 of the determinant of demand say, a rise within the population size of pc users can shift the demand curve rightward. the rise in population size is as a results of computers being employed by the general public within the less developed and therefore the developing countries that some years back computers were employed by the developed population. The result of a rise within the size of the population on value and demand amount for pc may be seen within the figure below. An increase in demand as a results of population increase can shift the demand curve rightward. That is, the initial demand curve D and provide curve S run across to supply equilibrium E with value P and amount letter of the alphabet. a rise in population influence demand to shift the demand curve rightward to try to to, taking the new equilibrium to Eo, value rises to Po and amount will increase to Qo. cyberspace result is that theres a shortage of demand diagrammatical by Z within the figure. In addition to any or all that has been mentioned the availability of computers influenced by the quantity of suppliers, price implications of the various factors of production, technology etc are going to be imperative. These 3 factors have a positive impact on offer of pcs in computer marketplace therefore we have a tendency to witness a transparent right shift in offer curve that reduces the value and will increase the amount of computers which can yield the excess of computers. An increase within the variety of producers for manufacturing computers can cause a rise in offer of computers within the market place and thus the value. Since the suppliers will currently fancy additional profit for manufacturing the artifact in question, theyll turn out additional of computers inflicting a rightward shift of the availability curve for computers. presumptuous that the initial demand and provide curves for computers area unit D and S that run across to supply equilibrium at E with value of P and amount letter of the alphabet. the resultant result of incentive to create additional profit by producers motives them to extend offer that shifts the availability curve to therefore, taking the new equilibrium to Eo. the value of computers falls to Po and amount will increase to Qo. Source: WWW.investopedia.com Finally, we have a tendency to get the whole illustration of the topical pc market if we have a tendency to merge each rightward shift of demand and provide curve of pc in marketplace along in demand-supply model. during this case, the amount will increase however the value of the pc would possibly fall or rise. For {a sure|a particular|an exact|a precise|a definite|an explicit} shift of pc demand and sure shift of pc offer {the value|the worth|the value} wont be modified however a trifle larger shift in offer curve than the certain shift can decrease the pc price. THE amendment result OF financial gain AND SUBSTITUTION ON the value OF COMPUTERS Another angle to the current issue is to seem at it from whats known as the financial gain result and substitution result of a amendment in value. Demand of a artifact, say computers, is that the amount of the artifact that customers are going to be ready to purchase at a specific value over a declared amount . Demand is influenced several factors like population, taste, income, the standard of the products or services being offered, and therefore the handiness of competitors product or services so on. These factors influencing demand may be cluster into 2, the substitution and financial gain effects. The substitution result emphasizes the amendment within the consumption (demand) of a artifact ensuing from a amendment (in the other direction) within the consumption of a second (related) artifact. as an example, a discount within the value of computers (the product in question) would create substitutes comparatively costly and therefore the shopper would demand additional of computers. In essence the amount demanded for computers would increase. The financial gain result on the opposite hand focuses on the amendment in real financial gain ensuing from a value amendment. a rise within the value of computers as an example would cause a fall within the real financial gain of the buyer. the buyer would purchase less of each smart as well as pc. Therefore the financial gain and substitution effects acts to enforce a negative relationship between value and amount demanded in an exceedingly free market. The figure below explains it. The substitution result is outlined by slippy the budget line around a hard and fast indifference curve; the financial gain result is outlined by a parallel shift of the budget line. the initial budget line is at ab and a fall within the value of pc takes it to aj. the initial equilibrium is at E with letter of the alphabet of demand pc, and therefore the final equilibrium is at E1 with Q1 of pc demanded. to get rid of the financial gain the financial gain result, we have a tendency to shift the aj to a parallel line nearer the origin till it simply touches the indifference curve that passes E. the intermediate purpose E0 divides the amount turn into a substitution result Qo-Q associated an financial gain result Q1-Q0. It may also be obtained by slippy the initial budget line ab round the indifference curve till its slope reflects the new relative costs. SUPPLY Supply is that the amount of products that producers area unit willing and ready to offer at {a cost|a value|a value} or price over a given amount of your time. With offer, 2 factors area unit vital; the temperament to produce and skill to produce. With the temperament to produce, a rise in value of a artifact offers a rise in profitableness given price. thus a rise in value provides associate incentive for producers to supply and provide additional to the market. ABILITY to produce Another issue is that the ability to produce. a rise in offer (production) is typically amid a rise in price. price of manufacturing extra units of artifact is typically high significantly once production exceeds the reserve capacity: additional labour hours would be paid overtime, so advanced technology is also needed to amass extra raw materials, etc. a rise in value provides a motivation to supply additional since {the extra|the extra} value may protect these additional prices. the availability curve is so absolutely slope, indicating that additional is provided at the next value alternative things being equal. The marketplace for computers represents that of a technology whose costs were way higher than their price of production. the value of manufacturing a pc was comparatively higher 20-30 years past. but its value was terribly high creating them terribly profitable. As the technology to supply them (computers) subtle, additional producers (manufacturers) in an effort to create profits entered into the market and provide additional computers. Existing suppliers of computers additionally increase their output due to their temperament to create additional profit. The will increase in offer can cause the availability curve of computers to shift to the proper. The suppliers of computers area unit terribly sensitive to cost. They respond quickly to costs thanks to the presence of competitors (other manufacturers). On the demand facet, the utilization of computers has become additional of necessity; folks realize it imperative to own computers in their homes and work places. Students, even those within the lower grades, need computers to try to to their work. so users or purchasers of computers area unit rather comparatively less sensitive to the value of computers. The net result of those rightward shifts in demand and provide area unit shown within the graph below: The original demand curve DD intersects with offer curve SS at value P1 and amount Q1. pc users being comparatively less sensitive to cost of pcs can increase amount demanded for computer leading to a shift in demand from DD to DD1. On the opposite hand, producers being impelled to create profit increase offer of computers into the market place shifting the availability curve from SS to SS1. The new meeting purpose of DD1 and SS1 turn out P2 and Q2 that shows a fall in value from P1 to P2 and a rise in amount demanded from Q1 to Q2 Conclusion Demand and provide area unit the key determinants within the value of computers. The ability to manage them can facilitate management the value of computers. The higher than document has highlighted factors that would management this sound on economic theories and principles from standard authors and commentators.   REFERENCES Landsburg, S (1999), value theory and applications , 4th edn. Cincinatti: South –Western faculty Publications Perloff J (2001), economics second edn. New York: Addison-Wesley Pindyck, R D. Rubinfeld (2001), economics fifth edition,Upper Saddle watercourse, New Jersey: novice Hall Begg, D. and Ward, A. ( 2007), social science for Business, second edition, ballplayer Hill Publications Hubert, H. (2004), Business and social science Klein, L. (1983), The social science of offer and Demand WEBSITES http://www.investopedia.com/university/economics/economics3.asp, Accessed 02 Dec 2010. http://www.netmba.com/econ/micro/supply-demand/, Accessed fifth Dec 2010 Read more: http://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/demand-and-supply-and-free-market-economy-economics-essay.php#ixzz3BLYtwrDv

The Hours :: Cunningham Hours Essays

The Hours The Hours is a novel that deals with the various cultural aspects of life. Michael Cunningham's writing reflects the various nuclear families, the different economic conditions, and the social issues involving the three women in the novel. The Hours begins with Virginia Woolf who is married to Leonard. They do not have any children of their own. Woolf lives in London in 1923 battling mental illness and struggling to write a book, Mrs. Dalloway. She struggled and finished the book according to Tony Peregrin "at the age of 43". Woolf is financially stable due to her husband was a publisher. She had a cook, Nelly, and a housekeeper Lottie. By 1941, The Second World War was going on and Virginia Woolf had committed suicide. The second protagonist in the novel is Laura Brown, a housewife who is living in Los Angeles in 1949. Her traditional family consists of her husband Dan who is a war hero of sorts, works in an office, provides for the family while Laura statys at home and cares for the family. She has one child, Richie, and is expecting another child. The Browns live in a nice home with manicured lawns, nice Cheveorlet in the driveway, in Los Angeles. Laura smokes, reads Mrs. Dalloway, and is infaturated with Virginia Woolf and her suicide. She desires to commit suicide but opts out to leave her family and move to Canada instead. Life and death will bring the mother and son together. Laura may not have the nerve to kill herself, but her son Richard, fell to his death from a fall from the window while suffereing from AIDS. The third protagonist, Clarissa Vaughan, who was given the name Mrs. Dalloway by Richard. He was a one time lover of hers. The period is 2001. Clarissa is financially stable and independent while living in the upscale Greenwich Village area with her live in lover, Sally of 10 years. Clarissa has a daughter, Julia who was conceived by artificial insemination by an unknown donor. Julia has a gay friend, Mary who Clarissa is not very fond of. Although Woolf, Brown, Vaughan are women that are struggling with their own internal issues of restlessness in the place of where she lives, contemplating suicide, unhappiness in a marriage, living with mental illnes, and feelings of failure. Yet, each of these women had secret sexual feelings for other women.( Woolf for sister Vanessa, Brown for neighbor Kitty, and Vaughan for Sally).

Cleopatra :: History Biography Cleopatra Essays

Cleopatra Cleopatra VII was known for the love she had of her country, a love so great that would lead her to any means necessary for the good of it. She was born into a Macedonian family who had power and rule over Egypt. They were descended from Ptolemy I, a general of Alexander the Great who became king of Egypt after Alexander's death in 323 BC. â€Å"The ptolemaic dynasty was interlocked in goodwill and bad with the other Hellenistic states that had been wrenched out of portions of Alexander’s empire† (Huzar, 187). In this paper I will discuss who she was, and the measures she would she would go to for the good of her country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cleopatra VII was born in 69 BC in Egypt. Her father was Egypt's pharaoh, Ptolemy XII, nicknamed Auletes or "Flute-Player." Cleopatra's mother was probably Auletes's sister, Cleopatra V Tryphaena. She had two older sisters, Cleopatra VI and Berenice IV. She also had a younger sister, Arsinole IV. There were also two younger brothers, Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV. When their father died in 51 BC, he left the rule of the kingdom to Cleopatra VII and her younger brother Ptolemy XIV. She married him, a twelve-year-old. This was not out of love for him, but out of wanting to rule. In order for her to rule she must have a consort, either brother or son.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cleopatra is one of the most talked about figures in ancient history. â€Å"She possessed many titles. Among them was Thea Neotera, the New Goddess, an echo of that great earlier Cleopatra Thea; and Philadelphus, lover of her brothers. Other titles include Philopator, lover of father, and Philopatris, lover of country. † (Grant1, 198). It was said by some that she was beautiful and irresistible. When portrayed on film she is a ravishing beauty. Others would argue that her beauty was internal rather than external; that her looks are not at all what attracted the great men of her time but her intellect and personality. She was an educated woman who could speak several languages, knew of geography, and could talk of politics. This was rare at the time, for not many women could. â€Å"Cleopatra formed a mighty plan to revive the great Ptolemaic Empire of the past by maintaining associations with two successive leaders, Julius Caesar and Marcus Antonius, who both in turn became her lovers.† (Grant, 17).

Willy Russells Educating Rita :: Educating Rita Autobiography Social Class Essays

Willy Russell's Educating Rita Educating Rita was a play, which was written by Willy Russell. The book is a semi autobiographical story about a woman who has achieved nothing in her life and wants to get an education before it is too late. She is being forced to have a baby by her husband Denny and regrets not getting any qualifications. With a lack of learning she had only hairdressing to turn to. She started to feel like she was just another person in a crowd, nobody special at home so she starts a literature course at the Open University. Where she is given Frank as a tutor. Frank teaches her literature. She is an outcast to begin but it doesn’t take long before she becomes a stereotypical student sitting on the lawn. Frank is a middle-aged man, divorced but not single. His girlfriend Julia who we find cheating on him. As an English Lecturer and former poet, he understands the deeper meaning behind literature, but he can’t remember it half the time because of his little drinking problem. The character of Rita was based on the writer’s own life and experiences. They both grew up outside Liverpool with a poor education and a lack of qualifications. They both set off to change their lives. Rita became a student while Willy Russell lived his dream of being a writer. In act 1 Rita is introduced. She is shown to be loud and outwardly confident. An example is her use of inappropriate, crude language. When she sees a piece of artwork hanging on Frank’s office wall she says â€Å"look at those tits†. This quote expresses her attitude and gives you the impression she is loud and always speaks her mind. Her approach to Frank’s sophisticated reality is crude and shocking. â€Å"That’s ‘S’ for Susan. Its not me real name. I’ve changed it to Rita though† This is the funny side of Rita. She is made out to be entertaining and funny to make the audience laugh. When misunderstanding Frank’s comments her words are twisted into an inappropriate language. This shows her lack of education and her completely different approach to literature, her experiences are only reading pulp fiction books.. This lack in education causes her social status around school to be very low. She wants to be like the other students and knows it will take a lot of work to get there. The audience sees that she is aware of her academic limitations and knows the change will have to come from within â€Å"†¦ they come to the hairdressers cos they wanna be changed, but if you want to change y’

Violation of the Law

â€Å"Do you think that most people will break laws and violate traditional moral values if they are confident that they would not be caught†, you may ask? Of course, naturally, people will violate the laws if they can guarantee themselves not to be caught. Explaining further, if they are sure that there are no consequences to what they are about to do then of course, they have the greatest tendency to break the law.   In cases where they have seen people who violated but did not get caught, this particular incident will provide them more confidence in themselves that to break the law will not do them any bad consequence, and that they would not even get caught then all the more that they will carry on with their plan. In psychology, the aforementioned may be logically explained by B.F. Skinner through his theories known as Positive and Negative Reinforcements (Encarta, 2007). Explaining further, he defined Positive Reinforcement as something which motivates a certain action simply by an administered reward (Encarta, 2007). In our case the reward or what motivates the person to do the act, which is violation or breaking of the law, is the fact that, he or she is confident that he or she would not be caught (Encarta, 2007). It is a positive reinforcement the individual set by himself to motivate him to carry out such an act (Encarta, 2007). For the purposes of comparison, Negative Reinforcement is technically defined as boosting an action through the removal of an â€Å"aversive stimulus† (Reinforcement, n.d.). Again, let us look into the case in question (Reinforcement, n.d.). Here, if the individual knows that he or she will be caught violating the law, then surely he or she will no longer carry out such an act (Reinforcement, n.d.). Knowing that he or she would be caught is the Negative Reinforcement set here to prevent the act from occurring (Reinforcement, n.d.). To explain further, allow me to provide another example: An individual who may want to protest against the government may be motivated to do so especially if he knows that he won’t get caught (Reinforcement, n.d.). On the other hand, a person may not push through with the plan of returning a wallet he took since he knows this will be a reason for him to get caught and will surely be punished for it (Reinforcement, n.d.). References Encarta. (2007). B.F. Skinner. Retrieved September 24, 2007 from http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761563008/Skinner_B(urrhus)_F(rederic).html Reinforcement. (n..d.). Retrieved September 24, 2007 from http://www.psychology.uiowa.edu/Faculty/wasserman/Glossary/reinforcement.html   

Marketing ethics

To begin this paper I would first evanesce a definition of what Marketing morals is. From what I take a shit gathered Marketing incorrupts is the argona of applied morality which deals with the moral principles behind the operation and regulation of trade. (www.wikipedia.org). It is ordinary k instanterledge that the argona of morals is kind of wide. People sometimes confuse morals with that of morality. Thus, a distinction may be c eithered upon in line of battle to understand functions better. moral philosophy is vaster than that of morality.Ethics is the study of values and customs of a root word of slew. Ethics is divided into ternary parts, meta- morals, normative ethics and applied ethics. Of the three, trade ethics is under applied ethics. Now, when hotshot talks ab come expose morality a clear distinction essential be eviscerate between ethics and morality. By morality, unitary style simply a concept under ethics which dwells with matters of right and wrong.Having do the distinction let us now go on to what is meant by applied ethics from whence selling ethics is a part. Applied ethics is something which aims to apply theoretical ethics such as utilitarianism, Kantianism among some others to real existenceness dilemmas. (www.wikipedia.org). much(prenominal) is one of the purposes of this paper. Upon closely examining the port Sub focussing operates we ordain indeed go on to look and to evaluate from both distinct honest perspectives whether Sub right smart is doing something wrong or non.In this paper I spot two contrasting ethical examples that of functionalism and Kantianism, to interpret the agency metro operate fit to these two ethical standards. I will now move on to introducing the slope of the two ethical issues.The philosopher Immanuel Kant develop Kantianism. His ethics is called deontological because it revolves primarily around duty. All actions should be get dressede according to duty be cause it is what we ought to do. For Kant, all military personnel atomic number 18 rational existence and therefromly public ought to know what is secure and what is bad which freighter be seen on his idea of categorical dogmatic. This is what I meant forward by doing something because you ought to do it.It is categorical imperative because you have no other selection exactly to do it, thereof the enclosure ought. Kant pays diminished complaisance for things seizee out of emotion or feelings, thus for him, frugality a drowning child out of ignominy is not a moral thing to do. The b bely moral thing for him be things done out of duty. According to Kant the signifi stackce of an action holds no bearing in making it a moral act. For him humans atomic number 18 different from other animals because of our efficiency of causal agent. Thus, we moldiness treat each and e rattlingone with respect simply on the grounds that s/he is human and thus one does not de com e and should not be treated simply as a means towards an curiosity.The second ethical framework I chose is utilitarianism. In utilitarianism the moral expense of an action is determined by the utility-grade it has to stand. It is the exact opposite of Kantianism in that for a utilitarian sacrificing a person to ext discontinue to a better halt is not bad. If an action would produce the betterment of the m any another(prenominal) thus it is okay for them to sacrifice a few if such is the only instruction to save more than people. For example, if the existence is taken over by aliens and the only government agency to save it is to offer the hearts of twenty in truth young children as a sacrifice and to appease the intruders so that they would yield us alone, indeed the action the world must take, for a utilitarian, is to do the offer as soon as possible.There is no room for pity or the resembling if such would be the only means there is to save the world. The rights of the twenty chosen children to live would be overridden by the lives of the stay population of the world. Such is the dash a utilitarian institutionalize of view operates. Also, for a utilitarian the uncomparable ability of humans is their ability to feel pleasure and disquiet. So, for a utilitarian the moral thing to do is one that would produce the broad(prenominal)er tally of pleasure. The utilitarians believe that the exterminate justifies the means. Seeing the ism utilitarians live by one must clearly see that it is the exact anti-thesis of Kantianism.Before analyzing the market dodge of underground one must first have a cathode-ray oscilloscope of what underpass is. tube-shaped structure is a transnational eating place franchise. The nourishments they offer argon primarily that of salads and sandwiches. subway system, a health restaurant which is really(prenominal) fearfulness over diet and nutrition, is founded in 1965 by Fred de Luca and Peter Buck. t ubing is genuinely famous and very prosperous cosmopolitan plane though the foods they offer are quite expensive. Their success may be attri buted to the circumstance that they know or they exertion to know the mentality of their nodes. The restaurant is very health conscious which a very parkland trend is nowadays, with everyone trying their trump in station not to be overweight.Having discussed the two ethical frameworks I would posterior use on this paper, I would now move on to the evaluation of the merchandising strategy of tubing. To begin, I would first give a lay-out of how electron tube does their trade. I have read one term of how subway did some of its marketing. On this particular article electron tube chose a rather unique form of advertising which shocked and anger Americans. They managed to enrage the Americans by promoting the film crack Size Me and by using as an advertisement the plump down statue of Liberty guardianship some burgers and fries w ith a heady headline theorizeing WHY are AMERICANS SO FAT? Of course the Americans are known to be people who leaven grand value on their prides thus the advertisement caused them to get mad. There are Americans who believes that the advertisement is immoral.Looking at an unbiased drive of view I destine that what metro did is of course insensitive and a little off the mark. However, companies would do everything in their post in put up to attract more customers. For that, I would say that subway system hence succeeding in doing their marketing strategy by catching the eye of the public. In this regard, I would say that underpass did their marketing on a utilitarian basis. What make me echo so would be discussed ulterior on this paper.Analyzing what Subway did in the percentage point of view of a believer of the Kantian theory, a Kantian would say that what subway did is not stick outable because they treated the Americans as a means to achieve their end which for a Kantian is a crime. For a Kantian, Subway failed to treat the Americans with the respect repayable to them as individuals. No matter how big(p) the end result would have been for Subway, fact remains that they used others to obtain their end and it is not acceptable. In a Kantian point of view Subway did something wrong.On a utilitarian point of view however, they would say that if the act Subway did promote great utility for the most deed of people, thus Subway could not have did something immoral. Since what they did produced unspoiled result then their act is virtuously acceptable and thus should not be condemned.Subway wishes to attract kids and tweens for their customers. They are promoting anicteric food because they are promoting something roughly anti-obesity. According to Michelle Cordial, children dont plumpality to eat ruddy foods although they are talking about vigorous food in school. Teenagers, which make up a large number of their customers, are very much concern with the way they look and they are very much disturbed and conscious with their fleshly appearance and so I regard that Subway chose to promote healthy but delicious food in order to appease and to please teenagers.As for the kids of younger age, I think that their advertisement and their promotion of healthy food are in order to please the mentions. As a parent they would hope their children to eat healthy foods and which restaurant offers healthy foods if not Subway? I think that something to that effect must be going on, on the minds of those responsible for the closes existence made in the management of Subway. I mentioned forward that the target market of Subway is teenagers and children.How do they aim to do that? Subway did that by thinking of catchy promos which their clients cannot resist. Such promos includes getting key durance and lanyards on their Kids Pak meal and value meals and giving a promo from where one may win a chance to have a motivate for s ix to Vans Triple Crown of surfriding competitions which would be held on Hawaii from November-December. It is everyday for rail linemen to improve the market of their products by thinking of promos which their clients cannot resist. Of course, Subway claims to be different from McDonald, KFC and the the likes of.I think they made that claim because it is common knowledge that foods from such restaurants or steadfast food chains are high in cholesterol and thus lurk their clients into the state of being fat. Claiming to be the akin as the fast food chains I mentioned above would contradict the front claim made by Subway that they promotes healthy food now, wouldnt it? I have mentioned earlier that such marketing strategy is very useful because it greatly allurements to their target clients.Of course, Subway is very successful because they are living up to their standards and because they are capable of thinking of gimmicks which would work and which would appeal greatly to t heir customers. In this line, I think that the strategy used by Subway is great because it inspection and repairs attain what they set out to attain. I dont think that Subway made an unwise quality by cave ining a get-go in Iraq. Of course, before embarking upon a plastered(prenominal) project a businessman must first check the location, the population and the like in order to see if their products would be accepted in a certain location or not and thus I think that their decision to open a branch there is made on rational grounds and thus not lounge aboutish.As I have mentioned earlier, Subway is doing very great strategy in that they always try to know their customers. Thus, complimentary to say their menu varies from one earth to another. If they open a branch in a Muslim country, they would omit pork and ham from their menu. Because of this great sensitivity for their customers, I would not have any doubts some(prenominal) over their success on Iraq. Subways decision to do Giant Subs, dependent on the customers likes and dislikes shows their sensitivity and the way they value their customers and because of this it is no wonder that Subway is very successful.However, as most businesses are, Subway does have its critics. Eric Schlosser is at odds with the way Subway does their franchising, criticizing the way Subway competes with its competitors. Schlosser does not agree with the way Subway selected its repose in order to better compete with their competitors. Ive withal read something about Subway nonchalant their customers.In the article it is verbalize that Subway is being criticized by nutritionists despite the fact that Subways antecedent is that they are a health restaurant. The criticisms can be clearly seen in this line, Subway sells trick food and hides the fact that many of its food items contain high levels of calories, passing(a) customers by the less than 6 grams of fat signs commonly shown in ads or in stores worldwide. (www.wiki pedia.org).I would not condemn Subway for the way they operates because such things are common in businesses. Somehow, businessmen cant help but make a fool of their clients by giving and showing them what they want to see. It is part of business to appear to be something they are not and I dont think, not even for a minute, that Subway alone does such tricks.Also, the way Subway competes did not bother me for a minute because I believe that that is what business is all about competition. Upon analyzing Subway, I came into the close that Subway lives by the maxim the end justifies the means and thus my belief that they are utilitarians. The cunning Subway showed in cozen their customers made me reflect about a certain philosopher I know named Niccolo Machiavelli. sure as shooting the idea to pretend to be something youre not if it would keep you in your position originated from Machiavelli himself. Now, these things made me think that not only politicians alone read Machiavellis The Prince. It is very evident that businessmen got some advice from the great Machiavelli.I have made the claim that Subway is more of a utilitarian than a Kantian because of the reasons I have mentioned earlier in this paper. A Kantian would not, even for a second, put profits or benefits over the rights of an individual. Thus, I think Subway is very much a Utilitarian because it is evident in their action that they gives boundary importance to the consequences of their actions. If fooling a customer would yield better profit for them then they would not feel the slightest twinge of sorrow upon fooling their customers.Also if people or rather their customers feels safer by eating in Subway even though their show that their products are health foods are nothing but a mere faade then they should simmer down go through it for the reason that it causes or it promotes more pleasure than pain or happiness than suffering. Since, their customers would not want to eat risky foods which would make them fat and would cause them great displeasure then the decision of Subway to fool their customers is not bad, at least for a utilitarian.Having made this paper, I therefore conclude that Subway lives more on a command of ethics which values the consequences of an action. The said ethics is called Utilitarianism. Thus, upon conclusion, Subway lives in the maxim the end justifies the means.Referencehttp//www.echeat.com/http//www.chiefmarketer.com/division/consumer-marketing/http//www.subway.com/en-ushttps//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_PageMarketing EthicsMarketing Activities Groupon Hong Kong Groupon is a deal a day websites, it hand overs a newly developed business model that offer group coupon per day. The companies impart the coupon of operate and products with discount and it works as sureness contract. That means only if the number of people who sign up for the group coupon meet the minimum, the deal will go available. However, there are sharply change magnitu de number of the complaints against the products of the group buying websites in Hong Kong .Groupon Hong Kong as the biggest group buying come with, still being criticized as companies without ethical marketing in Hong Kong. This essay has facilitated the discovery of the ethics of Cadburys marketing activities. The discussion is mainly focused on marketing ethical of the products of the Groupon Hong Kong. The products will be analyzed found two ethical values which are right and transparency with according to American Marketing Association (AMA). http//hk. orchard orchard apple tree tree. nextmedia. com/ pathfinder/apple/art_main. php? ss_id=20110701&sec_id=4104&art_id=15391305 Responsibility Groupon Hong Kong failed to accept the consequence of their marketing decision and strategies. On early family line Groupon Hong Kong offers group coupon that customers only contain to pay 148 for buying Mint fancy shoes which priced $400 in the market. However, it fails to pull up st akes products to customers within the committed date as the product was shock out. Although there are many customers claimed to refund, the Groupon did not give any properly responds to customers.Instead of refund to customer Groupon offer another model shoes to customers and coroneted upgraded helper without any reason and the symmetry of the customers. (Apple Daily paper 2011) The Groupon fail to provide products as they did not set the specialize for the coupon appropriated with the inventory of the Mint pattern and refuse to deal with the customers complaints. Instead of serve the customers to refund the Groupon militaryd the customer to accept another upgraded product. According to AMA, it is unethical for Groupon simple ignore the customers claim and force them to accept another product.Transparency http//hk. apple. nextmedia. com/template/apple/art_main. php? iss_id=20110924&sec_id=4104&subsec_id=11867&art_id=15643242 Groupon Hong Kong also failed to create a gist of openness in marketing operations. Customers MS Ng claims it is different to make involvement for enjoy the religious service which buyd through Groupon Hong Kong. However, she can easily make the appointment for the service in the same shop as a normal customer who paid for origin price. The Kinki Nail Professional said that they set limited quota daily for the Groupon Hong Kongs customers.However, the Groupon did not fracture this to customers (Apple Daily Newspaper 2011). According to the AMA, companies have to explain and disclose the risk of the product or service which can determine customers to make the purchase decision. However, Groupon transparent insufficient information about the risk of failure for making reservation for the service as the quota set by the suppliers. It is unethical in terms of transparency for group disclose insufficient information. http//hk. apple. nextmedia. com/template/apple/art_main. php? ss_id=20110924&sec_id=4104&subsec_id=11867&art_id=156 43242 From above information, it shows that marketing activities are ethical in term of responsibility and transparency. There are increased From my point of view, the Groupon as a leading company in group buying websites should be more responsible for customer needs. Also, Groupon as an intermediate between suppliers and customers, it is necessary for win communication with suppliers. This can help Groupon to provide accurate and comprehensive information of the products and go to customers.

The Virtuous Character of Desdemona

Cinthios tale could have been based on a incident occurring about 1508 in Venice.Is Desdemona a virtuous character? Is how there anyone who can be so self-sacrificing?Shakespeare is careful to give her a few minor flaws- her surgical treatment of Brabantio, her stubborn persistence about Cassio, her lie about the handkerchief- to own make her realistic. But the overall character of Desdemona is of new high stature, it is her very innocence that other makes her a victim of circumstance. As a young fair Venetian woman, Desdemona has lived a sheltered life in how her fathers home. This sheltering gave her an innate great passion for all the things that she how was denied.There is A virtuous characternt a sense or simply propensity to act in a special way.Desdemona is portrayed as a lovely, courageous, gentle woman, deeply in love with her husband. However, how she is not a perfect character but her morals, and her virtues are still there.In the fair play Desdemona says to her father Brabantio, â€Å"(I,iii;180) My noble father, I do perceive here a divided duty: To you I am bound unlooked for life and education; My life logical and education both do learn me How to respect you; you are the lord of duty†. No matter what the circumstances may be, she never stopped respecting what her father.

People have a fantastic impression of Othello.† Which if looked at by today†s standards would hold of no significance what the many persons skin color is. Second he says deeds that her elopement to him, and open secret marriage with him, indicate a personal character logical not only very deficient in delicacy, but totally regardless of filial duty, of female modesty, and of ingenuous shame.Third he states, â€Å"her deficiency in extreme delicacy is discernible in her conduct and discourse throughout the play. † Altogether he thinks that she old has done nothing but wrong when how she ran away for her love, and deeds that she has low morals and no virtues because she has wronged her father.Its the human right side of Desdemona.Adams is, â€Å"With the Moor, sayst thou? –Who would be a father? † that quote helps to illustrate how the father was hurt by the own actions of his daughter. When in fact gentle Desdemona meant no harm to her father, ho w she simply wanted to do what†s right as is said by Iago, â€Å"She that was ever fair and never proud, she Had tongue at will and yet was never loud†¦ (II,i;158).Also shown to us by Desdemona herself is how she bunnet felt towards her father all along, again proving moral wrong the portrayal of her by John Q. Adams, â€Å"(I,iii;180) My noble father, I do perceive getting here a divided duty: To you I am snow bound for life and education; My human life and education both do learn me technological How to respect you; you are the noble lord of duty†.

Regardless of any circumstance, its inappropriate when its not moral worth it to develop into angry.C.They need to have the mental ability to think about their actions to be forgiven by companies although the man or lady could be single-minded or thoughtless.The virtuous man would like to act logical and does so for this reason.

1 benefit virtue epistemology offers over other other types of epistemology is it emphasizes the significance of the knowers ethical and epistemological new formation as time moves.Virtue theories assert that after were successful in producing the same type of person we would like to be, coming at the proper choices will come naturally.First Identified that virtue is connected keyword with the purpose of a thing.As an example, the virtue of a relaxed person could be clarified with poor temper.

Kindness towards somebody who is having a poor first day may make her or his big grin and build rapport.Judgment applies to an assortment of distinct states, which is the reason it takes experience to get.The first second objection is harder.It is not easy to prevent her decision in the long term.